The Reconstruction Period and Racism Towards African...

The Reconstruction Period which may also be known as the Radical Reconstruction took place from 1865 to 1877 (Foner, 439). Throughout this time a coherent definition for Freedom was not yet established leading to many disadvantages mainly to the African American communities. During this time political, social and economic issues affected the South. Therefore, regaining order in the Confederate state became important to the Union. By 1865 Congress established the Freedmen’s Bureau which brought a successful outcome, but was not sufficient to cure all established problems. According to Eric Foner the Freedmen’s Bureau was seen as a government experiment with the idea of establishing a sense of equality between social interactions. Not only†¦show more content†¦It is stated, â€Å"It was merely a nondescript collection of houses and buildings in a region of farms- one of those sad American places with sidewalks, but no paved streets; electric lights, but no sewag e; a station but no trains that stopped†¦And it was 150 miles from any city at all (Hughes, 3).† Even though Cora was a relying, humble and hard working women she was unaccepted to white society. Cora was only seen for her labor. It is stated, â€Å"Cora iron my stockings, Cora come here†¦ Cora, put†¦ Cora†¦ Cora†¦ Cora! Cora! (Hughes, 4).† At a very young age colored people had to work for a living. On the other hand white society had an education and a far better future. Therefore, the circumstance of working with unpleasant superior was not discussed. Any job at the time was appreciated. Throughout the years that Cora worked with the Studevants she fell in love and had a child. At this time contraception or birth control was illegal. Even though Cora was looked down by society she had no shamed and became a proud mother. Unfortunately, due to the lack of medical assistance her child died from whopping cough. The years passed and the Studeva nts had a child named Jessie which Cora nursed and treated her as a daughter. When Jessie was in high school she experienced Cora’s situation, pregnant and unmarried. On one side Cora advise to have the child and become a proud mother just like her, but the mother disagreed she viewed this situationShow MoreRelatedWhy the Reconstruction Stopped After the Civil War Essay678 Words   |  3 PagesReconstruction has been brutally murdered! For a little over a decade after the Civil War, the victorious North launched a campaign of social, economic, and political recovery in the former Confederacy and to readmit the land in the former Confederacy back into the United States as states. Reconstruction yielded many benefits for African Americans. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments freed African Americans, made them citizens, and gave them the right to vote respectively. The Freedmen’s Bureau alsoRead MoreCivil War Reconstruction: Success or Failure? Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesUS History 06 January 2006 Reconstruction: Failure The Civil war was possibly the greatest tragedy that this country had ever faced. Years of constant arguing, compromises and cynical ideas about slavery pushed this so called United Nation into an atrocious collision between the Northern abolitionists and the Southern proslavery farmers and plantation owners. The nation suffered enormous losses economically and went into a downward spiral. The reconstruction period began with many leaders steppingRead MoreWhat Were The Principal Questions Facing The Nation At The End Of The Civil War?1276 Words   |  6 Pagesand repairs in the South remained. The foremost question that both white southerners, white northerners, and African Americans faced was what did freedom mean: for white southerners, it meant freedom from the perceived tyrannical rule of the North; for white northerners, it started and stopped with emancipation with the exception of the Radicals and some Moderates; and for African Americans, many saw it as having the same poli tical rights as whites with some even wanting a redistribution of the landRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era During The Civil War910 Words   |  4 Pagesone time African Americans were treated poorly this country wouldn’t be what it is today without what African Americans went through. They have had such a major impact on music, movies, literature, sports, and many other things. The Reconstruction Era took place after the end of the Civil War. It lasted from 1965 to 1977. It was the North’s way of making peace with not only former slaves, but the South as well. The Reconstruction Era attempted to better the lives of African Americans by makingRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War972 Words   |  4 PagesThere was a transformation period after the Civil War called the reconstruction during the years 1863 to 1877. The reconstruction was the rebuilding of the United States, mainly in the South. There were three major types of reconstruction, which were political, physical, and social. The political reconstruction allowed some African Americans to vote; however, they had to be literate in order to take the Oath test. Not many African Americans knew how to read and write, because they were slaves andRead MoreThe Case For Reparations By Ta Nehisi Coates Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pagesthat his audience has a different perspective about the case for African American reparations. There is no denying that since the inception of the United States of America, African Americans have faced serious discrimination and injustice, which may in fact entitle them to reparations. Some African American communities of the present are still experiencing the negative effects of slavery, Reconstruction and post-Reconstruction racism. These negative effects are evident in Chicago’s North LawndaleRead MoreRace And Racial Inequality During The Civil Rights Of Everyone Has Improved Over The Last Few Decades1719 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Racism[ˈrÄ Ã‹Å'sizÉ™m]prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one s own race is superior†. Race and racial inequality have strongly shaped American history from its beginning up until now . Americans like to think of the founding of the American colonies and, later, the United States, as driven by liberty and freedom . However, from the start America was founded on inequality which involved the absolute oppression for not onlyRead More African American Social Standings Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pageswill discuss the African American social standing in America throughout history. It will discuss the highs and lows and the pros and cons of the progression and also the different periods that African Americans lived through since they were brought to America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The progression of African Americans in America began with a practice called slavery. Slavery is the state of a person who is the chattel of another. It began in 1441 when Portuguese men kidnapped 12 black Africans from Cabo BlancoRead MoreThe Roles Of African Americans1630 Words   |  7 Pages The Roles of Africans American in Developing Our Nation By: Marcus A. Shans HIS204: American History Since 1865 (GSN 1507B) Instructor: Andrew Cramer 16 March 2015 Reconstruction 1865 After the Civil War the country had to reconfigure and somehow integrate the southern states back into the union. African American got their freedom and set out to make lives for themselves and find a new identity. In During the reconstruction period many African Americans found themselves facilitatingRead MoreAfrican American Social Standings1744 Words   |  7 Pagespaper will discuss the African American social standing in America throughout history. It will discuss the highs and lows and the pros an cons of the progression and also the different periods that African Americans lived through since they were brought to America. The progression of African Americans in America began with a practice called slavery. Slavery is the state of a person who is the chattel of another. It began in 1441 when Portuguese men kidnapped 12 black Africans from Cabo Blanco and

Analysis Of The Play Taming Of The Shrew - 1236 Words

Character Analysis The main character in the play Taming of the Shrew is Katherine, who undergoes a major transformation throughout the play as she begins stubborn and ill tempered and ends a subservient wife. At the beginning of the play, her disobedience is marked by the sharp contrast between her behaviors and those of her polite and feminine younger sister. The only issue is that her sister’s many suitors will not have the option to marry her until she is married herself. Katherine is â€Å"tamed† soon after meeting Petruchio, who is misogynistic and equally as quick-witted as she is. Overall, the character of Katherine is so interesting because of her shift in values and goals throughout the play that make the audience question who she really is as a person. The playwright is William Shakespeare, so this was written within the Elizabethan period where a comedy about marriage would have been much appreciated. Katherine’s given circumstances are that she is th e daughter of a wealthy man named Baptista Minola and she lives in Padua, Italy. The audience immediately sees that Katherine is not keen on the idea of having suitors, but she is being pressured into getting married because she must do so for her younger sister to get married. She seems as if she is against the societal pressures that she must get married, implying that she values independence and her own intellect. Throughout the play, Katherine’s values seem to transition because after meeting Petruchio she agreesShow MoreRelatedTaming Of The Shrew And The Merchant Of Venice1612 Words   |  7 Pagesyears ago or now. Shakespeares two very famous comedy plays, The Taming of the Shrew and The Merchant of Venice challenge a very serious social issue, the role and importance of woman in society. We all know the stereotypical image of woman in the society but Shakespeare questions the society on these thoughts through his plays. While Shakespeare expresses his ideas in a very unique way in each of his plays, this issue is common in both plays and is portrayed very similarly. Whether it is the wayRead MoreEssay about Deception in Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew910 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Shakespearian play: The Taming of the Shrew, deception is one of the major concepts. A tangled web is created in the play through deception of character behavior and the change between clothing and class. Most of the deception in the play have particular motives behind them and create dramatic irony. Shakespeare has used dramatic irony to create a comedic play. Character deception in The Taming of the Shrew is used largely, and Lucentio one of the main characters in the play uses deception throughoutRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew Analysis732 Words   |  3 PagesPerforming Marriage with a Difference: Wooing, Wedding, and Bedding in The Taming of the Shrew Amy L. Smith Even before the recent burgeoning of performance theory, The Taming of the Shrew was of great interest to critics interested in role playing , identity, and theatricality. And because Kates taming and her performative speech both take place in a play-within-a-play, Taming fostered a critical interest in the intersection between performance and gender long before the phrasegender troubleRead MoreTaming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare1671 Words   |  7 PagesKatherina from Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew displays the distinct characteristics which allow her to be placed among the sinners in the Inferno. Kate’s tragic flaw of being the shrew in the play m eans she personifies anger. Her anger is clearly seen at the beginning of the play, but appears to lessen during the remaining acts. On the surface it can be easy to conclude that Kate is a shrew no more and her marriage has tamed her. Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew contains clues which can concludeRead MoreCharacter Analysis Taming Of The Shrew849 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis of Katherine â€Å"The Shrew† Wrote by William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy play that takes place during the late 16th century. The title itself is simple use of figurative language. Rather than to be token literal, the â€Å"Shrew† is in reference to the character that the audience knows as Katherine. The â€Å"taming† is the description of Petruchio’s process in breaking Katherines â€Å"shrewish† ways of being an uncontrollable wife. During a time where women were looked atRead MoreTheme Of Taming Of The Shrew1116 Words   |  5 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew: Moment Analysis Particular moments in William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew have a special significance in regard to the overall meaning of the play. One such moment is when Petruchio and Katherine talk about â€Å"how bright and goodly shines the moon,† (Shakespeare 13). At this moment, the insistent Petruchio pressures Katherine to refer to the sun as the moon. After a brief tussle of wits, Petruchio acquiesces and agrees to adopt the line of thought forced on to herRead MoreGender Roles in the 16th Century1909 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s plays, most predominantly appearing in The Taming of the Shrew. As quoted within texts and contexts of this play, the reader becomes aware that The Taming of the Shrew â€Å"participates in a tenacious popular tradition of depicting domestic violence as funny† (Dolan 244). In current times, the idea of domestic violence is contrary to what would be seen as humor, but in the 16th century people were accustomed to this as a value of their everyday life. Through the use of shrew-taming within theRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Taming Of The Shrew 849 Words   |  4 PagesHonors Ms. Howard 08.04 Writing about Relevance â€Å"When love speaks the voice of all the gods makes heaven drowsy with the harmony,† Taming of the Shrew, Act IV, scene II. Besides being a well written play, the comedic devices that each act holds is used to help develop the plot and the comedy effect of The Taming of the Shrew. The devices used has shown the audience how the shrew could be changed by receiving the same treatment it has been giving. Shakespeare used comedic devices to help keep the audienceRead MoreHow far do you agree with the opinion that courtship and marriage are undermined and ridiculed in ‚Äà ºThe Taming of the Shrew‚Äà ¹?1718 Words   |  7 Pagesundermined and ridiculed in â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†? Shakespeare’s drama â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† is set in the Elizabethan era, and marriage and courtship was very different than how it is in the present. Back then it was the parents who picked suitors for their daughters. This choice would be final for the daughters but often women rebelled against the decision as they wanted to choose their own suitors. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is an example of this. In our â€Å"Taming of the Shrew† this is no different asRead More Essay on Taming of the Shrew: Stand by Your Man1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew:   Stand by Your Man - The Psychotherapist Perspective  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The universal nature of the themes in The Taming of the Shrew,   beg analysis and social critique. This comedic farce, by William Shakespeare, creates an elegant depiction of a modern life and romantic love with all of its masks and pretensions. It is easy to assume the perspective of a psychotherapist while witnessing the drama of Katherine and Petruchio’s love affair unfolding. Concepts like â€Å"emotional

Crashing Through My Fears free essay sample

At 6:30, I planned to leave my house early enough to get to my friend’s house on time to dye our hair black for homecoming, but not too early where I would be half asleep. After all my school stuff was packed into my book bag, I went out to start my car. When I say â€Å"my car† I use the term loosely. In all technicalities, the van was not mine, it was my father’s. However, when my parents bought a new one they passed the old one down to me so I would â€Å"have a ride to school.† I left the house according to plan, excited to start junior year homecoming. I hopped into my car, buckled up, and turned my iPod on to â€Å"Sparks Fly† by Taylor Swift. I was singing along to the song when the chorus began, until a red pickup truck pulled out in front of me. We will write a custom essay sample on Crashing Through My Fears or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I had to think fast, but the last thing I remembered was slamming my right foot down on the brake pedal before the collision happened. The impact did not injure me or the other guy. But surely, it damaged my car and my driving confidence. Even though my morning started out long, I begged my parents to let me still go to school. I know now that I probably should not have gone, but I was determined not to miss the pep rally. You only get so many of those, you know? I wanted to cherish the memory of each one that I went to, and I could not do that if I did not attend this one. For weeks after my accident, I would refuse to drive anywhere. I would use the excuse, â€Å"my accident occurred in the intersection to enter and exit our subdivision. How did you want me to drive through the same spot at least twice a day?† My parents knew as well as me that I only used the excuse because I did not want to face my fear of driving. After time, I learned that I needed to jump back in the car and start driving again. It was one of those things in life I realized I would not be able to avoid, even though I wanted to. That one spot is the only spot in the entire world that I could not avoid, but after time passed it began to disappear away from my sight and away from my life. I guess you could say I faced my fear because I had to, more than because I wanted to. It’s been said that â€Å"time heals all wounds.† Personally, I have come to realize the truth behind that saying after my car crash. However, I would not say it dissolved completely with time; all it did was lessen enough for me to finally grow immune to it.

Business Strategy Market of Retail

Question: Describe about the Business Strategy for Market of Retail. Answer: Introduction The Wesfarmers Company that started as a small Co-operative has spread itself into the Australian and New Zealand market of retail. This leap has been the result of a sequence of reasons. Organisation needs to follow a road map to develop its business. It also can be called blueprint of the business. From the beginning should focus on the ultimate outcome for this the organization have to segment,target and position its product. For proper market survey they use marketing mix. In this report, the researcher will try to analyse the external and the internal situations facing Wesfarmers. Also, the reasons which led to the companys immense success. The researcher analyse the internal factors as well as the external factors along with the PESTEL and SWOT analysis. About the company Wesfarmers, started as a small co-operative company providing access for Australian farmers to reach markets. Slowly they expanded their business moving into full fledged retail. Their position has been confirmed through comparing their net profits. The company has today commitments in Australia, Bangladesh, United Kingdom, New Zealand and Ireland. The company has undertaken multiple companies among which the most renowned ones are Bunnings Warehouse, Coles Supermarkets, Coles Express, Harris Technology, Bi-Lo and many more (Henson, 2012). Internal Analysis of Wesfarmers It is to be noted that the internal analysis of a company is to focus on the various factors that are the companys strengths as well as weaknesses. In this environmental analysis and this internal analysis the researcher will explore the various factors of Wesfarmers Company like their management talent, various resources and capabilities (Ommani, 2011). The Wesfarmers corporation has been in the retail business for the last 100 years and more and today they are the single largest private employer, but they have previously declared that they are finding it hard for retaining the talent. The Wesfarmers is a diverse team of workers employing around 205000 employees under its various subsidiaries. The company, which reached its peak in the last decade has employed some of the best people for their various job roles. These are one of the leading reasons for the growth of the company (Hassan, 2014). Management skills are evident in the growth of the company. The management and planning of the corporation play an important part in the business and the way the company operates. Attracting talented leaders have been one of the leading ways to see a steady growth in the sector. The Company has increased ways for it to retain talent by providing their existing leaders with challenging work, giving them the opportunity to grow as a company. Human resources are an important factor of any company and the Wesfarmers is a company that believes in providing ample scope for the development of a persons personal professional capabilities. The proper management of talent becomes an important factor for the company depends on the proper management of the employees and their talents to show good results. With a fleet of 205000 employees and reaching millions of customers it is important that the retail business is controlled in the right way. The Wesfarmers has a strong relationship in the supplier sector, which ensures that all third products are sourced directly from the market ad are of the top quality (Oliver, 2007). The company has a huge capability to grow into a much larger company. It has started venturing into the resources and the mining sector. The company has already made contacts with other countries like the United Kingdom, Ireland and Bangladesh. The company can join the retailing of apparel, which can be easily supplied by the high quality clothing mills that are famous in Bangladesh. The company also has the opportunity to venture into tether retailing industries like Telecom or Aviation. The main focus of the company has been the sectors the include retail so the company can target the non-saturated markets in the retail industry and start investing there (Blackman, 2001). External Analysis Micro Environment PESTEL analysis Political: Wesfarmers has already included themselves in various departments like the Home and office supplies, the retail market, chemicals, energy sector, resources and much more. The Australian government is supportive towards the increase in the holdings of the Wesfarmers group. The company holds a significant amount of resources (Gupta, 2013). Economy: The Australian conglomerate Wesfarmers have taken part of the retail and departmental store business and has under its holdings the leading retailers, namely the Coles and Bunnings companies who have been taken over by the company ensuring that the company holds a significant section of the retail audience under one roof. The increase in disposable income from the Australian buyers has improved the business of the retail sector(Clark, 2003). Social: The local Aussies are involved in farming and have been involved in the shopping from the most popular retail giants Coles, Bunnings etc. The company of Wesfarmers was based on the dealings with the 65 local co-operative companies. Even though the company has become a household name in Australia, but regular advertisement ad marketing ensures that the company sees better customer relationships and commitments from the customer(Hrtel, 2014). Technology: The Wesfarmers has included various steps to increase their productivity, including better ways for them to source materials. They are also trying to get the best way to increase their output through employing better safety and technology. Venturing into the safety sector they are committed towards creating a better and safer company(Khan, 2015). Legal: Wesfarmers has been aided by the casual legitimate arrangement of the Australia where it has a sound law business that help the company to stay away from any kind of illegal activities.. The large conglomerate hardly faced challenges in expanding its businesses(Alam, 2016). Environmental: The Wesfarmers group believes in creating a better footprint on the World, ensuring that the company invests in the betterment of the society. There have been significant issues with the companies under the Wesfarmers group and they each have taken part in creating a better world. Wesfarmers is trying to create a sustainable working environment by creating better opportunities for work for the people at grassroots level. They are promoting diversity, and also engaging in ways to the development of the people. The products sourced by Wesfarmers are done through better negotiation. Ethical sourcing has been largely advertised by the company. The company has also taken steps to reduce emissions and generate less waste and made a pledge to use less water (Henson, 2012). Society: Growing from a small company into the large conglomerate it is today, it is important that the company shows significant dealing with the society. The company has been associated with the society, creating better employment, better resources and better services for the society which have been a significant reason why Wesfarmers has been regarded as a leader (Clark, 2003). Micro Competitors analysis The Wesfarmers is the leading retailer among the Australian economy and has spread its business abroad also. The main competitor of Wesfarmers is the Woolworth Company. After the buyout of Coles, Woolworth has significantly lost the support of stakeholders. The investors are finding Wesfarmers a better investment sector than the main competitor Woolworth. Even thought the main competitor Woolworth has attractive pricings for the retail sector, but the Wesfarmers has also created better pricing through lower costing, and low cost pricing. The main reason for the development of the company was their low cost yet high quality products which have been at the heart of the company even today(Agriculture). Customers analysis Wesfarmers have a diverse base of consumers who are tech savvy and are born in the modern economy, which has seen steady growths in the last few years. The best ways to say this is that the customer base of Wesfarmers is diverging since it has multiple companies under its hat, there is a significant diversity seen in the company customers. Mostly the customers of Wesfarmers group of companies include the young and mid-age people who are habituated in buying their needed groceries, household stuff and other things at one place(IBISWorld, 2016). Suppliers analysis The Wesfarmers group works with the farmers in the Western Australia at first slowly growing into a much larger cooperative company. The supplier system of Wesfarmers is huge which now includes Coles and Buntings which are significant players in their respective retail market. The market of Wesfarmers is not controlled and there is a significant portion of the consumer. SWOT Analysis The company has various strengths which include a huge base of conglomerate companies it includes the leaders among retail businesses in Australia. The company is part of a huge economy which has seen a steady increase in resources and sales. The development of the service sector, the enhancement of the retail business has all increased the potential of Wesfarmers as a company. The Wesfarmers group is quite resourceful and has businesses under various industries which help it absorb the shocks of the economy easily. The increasing number of the companies taken under the Wesfarmers group ensures that the company has enough mettle to fall back on, in case it faces any hardships like a recession. The retail business has been solely controlled by Wesfarmers in the last few years. With the inclusion of Coles and Bunnings into the Wesfarmers group, the company has found significant source of control over the food and household goods market (Hrtel, 2014). The Wesfarmers also has weaknesses which can be a problem, these include the lower prices offered by Woolworths in the retail sector where its subsidiary Coles is a direct competitor. Also expanding its business to the other countries can be a source of weakness for Wesfarmers, since not every economy has the same elements of the business. Since a lot of materials of the retail business are imprinted it makes sense that the outside market may impact the business of Wesfarmers. Opportunities can be seen in better management of the company, which makes it important for Wesfarmers to explore opportunities in other retail sectors and service sectors in the Australia also the other nearby countries. New Zealand has a good economy to invest in where there is a good opportunity to grow in the field of business. Threats of Wesfarmers include the small threats in venturing outside their own country which includes the changing economy, increased pricing, shortage of supplies, the lower commission rates and the government pressure. The Coles and Bunnings under Wesfarmers control a great amount of the market, which has created latest politicians to think about ways to make the market healthy and competitive (Thompson, 2001). Conclusion The above analysis of the Wesfarmers allowed us to carefully investigate the various factors associated with the companys intense growth into the retail market as well as create a business management plan to increase its holdings into other markets and also in other sectors. Throughout the report the researcher has presented the reasons for the Wesfarmers to analysis and make out ways to enter the new booming markets and retain its position as the leading company in Australia. Concentrating on the problems of the company, the various environmental and social situations faced by the company it is to be noted that the company has reached the highs of business in Australia due to its ability to adapt to the changing economy. The ability to increase itself from the starting point, taking over companies and also making the right decisions over the right time. References Agriculture, W. A. (n.d.). Journal, Volume 27. 2005: Pennsylvania State University. Alam, M. N. (2016). Internal and external environment study. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management. Blackman, D. (2001). Talent management: developing or preventing knowledge and capability? National Institute for Governance, University of Canberra . Clark, A. (2003). Senior Australian Agriculture. Pascal Press. Gupta, A. (2013). Environment PEST Analysis: An Approach to External Business Environment. International Journal of Modern Social Sciences,. Hrtel, C. E. ( 2014). Human Resource Management. Pearson Australia. Hrtel, C. E. (2014). Human Resource Management. Pearson Australia. Hassan, S. M. (2014). Top Online Shopping E-companies and their Strength and Weakness . Research Journal of Recent Sciences . Henson, B. ( 2012). Luminous World: Contemporary Art from the Wesfarmers Collection. Fremantle Press. IBISWorld. (2016, September 09). Wesfarmers Limited - Premium Company Report Australia. Retrieved from ibisworld.com.au: www.ibisworld.com.au/car/default.aspx?entid=69 Khan, U. A. (2015). A critical analysis of internal and external environment of apple inc. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management. Oliver, C. (2007). Sustainable competitive advantage:combining institutional and resource based views. Strategic Management Journal, 697713. Ommani, A. (2011). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. African Journal of Business Management, 5-9. Thompson, A. A. (2001). Crafting and Executing Strategy: Text and Readings. McGraw-Hill/Irvin.

A Comparison of Limbo with Nothings Changed Essay Example

A Comparison of Limbo with Nothings Changed Essay Example A Comparison of Limbo with Nothings Changed Paper A Comparison of Limbo with Nothings Changed Paper Essay Topic: Poetry The poems Limbo and Nothings Changed have a lot in common if you look past the actual words into the meaning of the poems, you will see they both originate from the same theme; racism. Limbo tells the story of the Limbo dance and the joy of performing it. The poem is telling the story of a slave travelling from Africa to the West Indies in a slave ship. On the long journey, the slaves invented a dance called the Limbo dance which kept them fit and healthy so they could survive the journey. The dance involved walking underneath a stick only bending your knees; the stick started off low down then gradually went up every time you went underneath it without touching the stick. Nothings Changed is a poem based on the segregation of white people and black people in Cape Town, South Africa. In 1940, apartheid was gripping over South Africa, the rich white people earned 12 times as much as the black people. There was no actual law abut it but everybody knew it, the black people were forbidden to go where white people went. The poet is expressing his views about how bad the situation is and how much he hates it in this poem. In both poems, they involve white people taking advantage of black people and they both come from the view of black people and tell us how they are treated. However this is not so obvious in the poem Limbo, it can be spotted by the opinion the African Slave has of the White people in charge of the ship, the quote the dumb gods are raising me could mean the guards of the slaves picking him up to throw him off the ship. In Nothings Changed, this is more obvious because the poem tells the reader about District 6 where all the black people live, how they are not allowed in the posh restaurants with white linen table cloths and how they have their own scummy cafe with dirty floors and plastic tables. Another similarity of both poems is the way they both use sound words to portray the environment and setting. In Limbo, the sound words such as silence, knock and drum set the rhythm of the poem and give the impression of the actual Limbo dance. In Nothings Changed, sound words are used to give the impression of the places in which the African walks from and to; it also gives the reader a more visual image of the two restaurants. Examples of these words are click, crunch and crush which are hard sound words and grant the reader the impression of a hard life to live. In the same respect of using hard sound words, both poems portray a bleak picture of the locations where these two Africans spent their time. The setting of the ship in Limbo is a big dark boat in which resides evil, it does not portray a place where you would like to be. The setting in Nothings Changed is different from the ship because it does not sound all that bad; it sounds like a nice place however there is the underlying segregation that makes the reader feel hatred for the place. The poet shows us the area then he shows us the people that live in the area and that is what turns the reader around. Also, the way the scene is set in Nothings Changed does not motivate people to pack their stuff and hop on the next plane, the harsh words and attention to detail like amiable weeds, and it squats, in the grass and weeds do not exactly make it sound like a dream come true. Both poems involve one culture taking control and forcing the other to work for them, in Limbo, the Africans are taken from their homes and forced to work for the white people, while in Nothings Changed the white people own all the money and in doing so are lording over the natives. This theme for a poem suggests that the poets share the same opinion in that they do not like the English controlling the Africans and forcing them to live a life of poverty with little or no money. However the poets do differ on some occasions in their poems, Limbo and Nothings Changed have very different views on what should be done about their predicament. In Limbo, the message is one of acceptance and is telling the reader to accept the consequences and try and make the best of it. This is shown by the dance; it is depicted as being a joyous dance which is fun and exhilarating. Poems about slavery are not usually joyous and happy, but sad and full of hatred; this is because they are usually complaining about slavery. Nothings Changed does not encourage people to accept what is happening but to act upon it, it is a revolutionary poem full of hatred and it conveys that hatred to its audience to put an end to the maltreatment and poverty of black people. The last line in the poem: Nothings Changed brings about a dramatic end to the poem and the last stanza is one full of evil thoughts toward the white people. The layouts of the poems differ as well, Limbo has short stanzas and the layout indicates that of the movement of the dance, this helps the poem along with the beat. Meanwhile in Nothings Changed, the poet has made no obvious attempt to lay it out in a particular form other than stanzas arranged like paragraphs. I believe that the poet does not need to amplify his point with the layout but merely express himself with words. The major difference between the two poems though is the punctuation, in Limbo there is none but in Nothings Changed there is quite a lot. The abundance of punctuation in Nothings Changed shows that the poem was written for the fact of being read like a poem; unlike Limbo with no punctuation but a steady rhythm, it indicates it is like a song. The use of punctuation is clever because it forces the reader to read with a slower place and thus creating the effect of a hateful and despairing tone. The two poems are based on the same theme with some minor differences in the language and settings but both poets feel strongly on anti-racism but go their different ways about it. Limbo and Nothings Changed are the same in view but are completely opposite in the way they go about repairing it; one says acceptance while the other has a mind for war!

The Asian Tigers Essays - Economy Of Singapore, Free Essays

The Asian Tigers Essays - Economy Of Singapore, Free Essays The Asian Tigers The Asian Tigers arrival into the world economy has been extraordinary. Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand have experienced dramatic changes over the past 20 years. Their economies have fundamentally changed from traditional agriculturally based societies to rapidly growing newly industrialized nations. Their incredible rates of growth were accompanied by significant structural changes. While most of the change has been positive, from time to time these nations have been rocked by economic growing pains. These transformations of the South East Asian economies have attracted considerable attention in popular and scholarly publications. In these countries the crises was caused by a bad macroeconomic management, which has influenced in the bad situation of their payment balance. The absence of competitivity, the fix exchanging rates in relation to the dollar and the foreign indebtedness provoked hard speculative attacks against these economies. All these phenomenon have created in these countries a disquieting situation. These countries, including in the group South Korea, have been specially affected by the drop of their indexes and the massive devaluation of their currencies. Eastern Asia has the 20% of the world commodities exportations and the industrialised countries have an important commercial deficit with these area. In this situation, the depreciation of their currencies could have influence in the importation in the European Union and in the United States (between June 1997 and February 1998 the drop of the indexes in relation to the dollar was: 303% in Indonesia, 105% in Thailand, 87% in Korea 63% in Malaysia, 25% in Taiwan, 22% in Singapore, etc.). The lost of the international markets and the financial sector trust has provoked the cancellation of great infrastructure projects ( subway in Bangkok, a ditch in Malaysia, etc.). There are some countries, like Thailand and South Korea, that have asked for help to the International Monetary Fund. This institution has imposed a couple of conditions to these countries in order to help them: -Macroeconomic stabilization. -Commercial opening and by capital account. -Flexibilization of the working market. We can say that the countries more affected by the Asian crises are Thailand, South Korea and Indonesia, but the situation is serious in all the south-west Asian area. There are predictions which say that the economy will fall, in 1998, 10 points in Indonesia, 8 points in Thailand and 4 points in South Korea. The situation is so bad that Malaysia, who didn't asked for the IMF help could have a deduction in its GNP. One of the negative factors of this situation is the dependence between the countries of the area. This factor has made that the crises infected all the countries of the area. One of the most important examples is Japan, who was in charge to give a solution to the problem in the start, has become clearly a part of the problem. There are two countries that have a special commercial and financial importance in Asia. They are South Korea and Hong Kong (which is not a country yet). Before July in 1997, all the experts trusted that the economical stability in Hong Kong was guaranteed. One year and a bit more later, the economic situation has fallen so down that Hong Kong is going to his worst recession in the last 50 years. In the start of the south-west Asian crises, nobody though that the crises could affect Hong Kong, because it only had a little current deficit and, moreover, it had the guarantee of its great reserve of foreign exchange. But the situation became worst and the Hang Seng index had the worst drop in all the history and the local government was forced to increase the rates in order to reduce the currency pression, in an instability context. The high rates reduced the bank lending, reducing at the same time the private wasting and provoking a hard reduction in the ground price. The building sector began to be affected and the quotations of the building enterprises fell down in the 48%. Moreover, the tourism profits decreased because the number of tourists fell down in the 70%. The government adopted a couple of measures in order to alleviate the difficult economic situation: -The suspension, until April 1999, of any selling of public property ground. -A more important injection of solvency in the banking system. -A reduction of the building taxes. -More

Should all hacking be banned(Persuasive Paper) Research Paper

Should all hacking be banned(Persuasive ) - Research Paper Example Advancement in technology has made available new communication tools, which enable communication over long distance. The internet is regarded as a source of entertainment, information and communication with activities, which include e-mail, web surfing, shopping and reading news. Internet connections allow easy transfer of a variety of media from one location to another, thus enhancing sharing and building relations among people. It is the increased dependency on computers and internet that fuels cybercrime, which poses an enormous risk to infrastructure that, is dependent on such utilities. The United States ranks first in a list of ten countries known for hacking tendencies as indicated by the table below. Adopted from http://i.huffpost.com/gen/609514/thumbs/o-GLOBAL-HACKING-TOP-TEN-570.jpg?4 Presently, most internet crimes have led to loss of personal information, which is stolen leaving a trail of suffering people. Such heavy damages are usually attributed to hackers or hacker gr oups who derive their gains from gathered information within a short period. Adopted from http://www.csmonitor.com/var/ezflow_site/storage/images/media/images/0426-password-chart/7780968-1-eng-US/0426-password-chart_full_600.jpg?nav=268203-csm_article-leftColRelated It is for such reasons that software companies regularly update their products, which serves to keep the level of vulnerability at all-time low. Moreover, owing to the risks involved, the public is of the opinion that hacking should be banned forgetting the benefits derived from ethical or controlled hacking. Therefore, most people think that hacking is unconditional malicious and are of the opinion that all hacking should be banned. The benefits derived from controlled hacking are critical to national security as well as in maintaining a high standard in electronic products. It is for this reasons that some level of hacking should be permitted while maintaining surveillance on hackers or hacker groups that are deemed ma licious. This paper seeks to highlight positive aspects associated with hacking and how they serve the society. Common beliefs about hacking illustrate hacking as simple operations that involve a sequence of commands, which on the contrary, is a skill. The United States legal definition describes computer hacking as the deliberate access of computer systems without authority or exceeding authorised access. Hacking is the practice of manipulating computer systems and software to perform contrary to what they were initially created for. As such, a hacker presents as a skilful computer programmer or user who uses his ability to gain unauthorised access to data and information. On the other hand, cracking relates to the modifying software with the aim of removing features they deem as limitations to the software’s potential. The targeted features of the software usually include copy protection, date checks, serial numbers and product keys (Negi, 2011).In essence, crackers seek to disable or remove safety measures that often compel computer users to buy original software and products. Crackers often prey on all computer packages ranging from operating systems to games. The crackers then distribute the modified products as pirated versions without charge, which proves to be a headache for software companies due to losses incurred. It is for this reason that software cracking is illegal owing to its malicious nature of their activities. The terms hacker and cracker are often used interchangeably,

James Cameron-Deepsea Challenge Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

James Cameron-Deepsea Challenge - Research Paper Example Even though the respective journey’s the bottom of Marianas Trench were separated by nearly 50 years, the main scientific mission for each were strikingly similar. The first journey to the bottom of the trench too place in 1960. This mission, staffed by Jacques Piccard and Navy Lt. Don Walsh was specifically interested to determine whether or not sea life, or life of any kind, could survive at such crushing depths. As a result of the descent and the length of time that was budgeted on the bottom of the sea floor, Walsh and Piccard only had 20 minutes in which to capture any video or photo proof of life existing at that depth. Sadly, as a result of all of the silt that they had stirred up on their way down, no convincing photographic or video proof was able to be provided. Yet, before the craft began its long voyage back to the surface, Walsh is said to have spotted a flatfish; something that many scholars then dismissed as impossible due to the great pressure and depths that e xisted at the bottom of the Marianas Trench. Many individuals would further state that what Walsh saw was not a flatfish but instead a type of sea cucumber. Further, the first voyage took place in an Italian/German made submersible that was named the Trieste. This particular submersible was far ahead of its time and leverage many life support systems and backup systems to ensure that the individuals onboard could maintain life support even in the event of an unexpected occurrence at great depth. Further, as compared to the submersible that Cameron took to the bottom of the trench, the Trieste weighed a staggering 13 metric tons. By means of comparison, Cameron’s craft was much smaller and only allowed for a single individual to pilot it to the bottom of the depth. However, like the Trieste, the DeepSea Challenger was outfitted with the very latest technology and had a great many systems and subsystems dedicated to sustaining life support even in the event that a primary syste m failed. Further, the DeepSea Challenger was specifically designed for the trip to the bottom of the Marianas Trench; whereas the Trieste was not tailor made for the task of going to the bottom of the Marianas Trench. Nonetheless, both submersibles were able to successfully complete their respective journeys without incident. Rather than being ballasted by gasoline and detachable water cylinders, the DeepSea Challenger was ballasted by refillable water ballasts alongside a backup dissolving ballast should the water ballasts fail to remove on the trip back to the surface. As a means of comparing the trip itself, Cameron’s craft made the roundtrip voyage in just a little over 7 hours time. By means of comparison, the 1960s crew made the trip in a combined 5 ? hours. The time differential can most effectively be explained by a discussion and consideration of the fact that Cameron spent a significantly longer period of time at the ocean’s floor as compared to those within the Trieste. As compared to the journey of the Trieste Cameron’s craft experienced some technical difficulty as he sprung a very small leak at the great depths of the Marians Trench; therefore he found it expeditious to forego the gathering of ocean floor samples that he had previously planned on collecting. With that being said, as compared to Walsh and Piccard, Cameron was no able to find any proof of

Chikungunya in French Guiana (South America) Research Proposal

Chikungunya in French Guiana (South America) - Research Proposal Example Being formed by people with different origins, there has been tension between its inhabitants especially ethnically based violence, a factor that has since fuelled political instability in the country. Notably, until 1990s, the country had more than its 80% industries owned by the state and due to their mismanagement, they experienced falling commodity prices coupled with high fuel costs. These factors led the country into serious economic problems. According to the world population prospects of 2010, French Guiana’s population as per the same year was at 754,000 (Frank, 2013). This figure shows that the population increased from the 1950’s census when it was at 407,000. In the 2010 population statistics, person under the age of 15 were 33.6%, persons between 15 and 65 year of age were at 62.1%, while persons of the age of 65 and older were at 4.3% (Frank, 2013). Therefore, since there is no current census than the 2010, it is apparent that there are very few older person in French Guiana compared to other ages (Frank, 2013). This fact may be attributed to vulnerability of alder people to diseases. Therefore, the main aim of this essay is to examine the effects of Chikungunya among elderly persons in French Guiana.   Factually, the Chikungunya affects everyone but adults are highly vulnerable; therefore, the essay sort to determine if it could contribute the low percentage of elderly person above the age of 65 y ears in French Guiana and if by what percentage has it contributed to this low percentage of 4.3%. The statistics that will help in this study will be retrieved from government and non-governmental health records. Virus transmitted through mosquitoes infected by Aedesaegypti causes Chikungunya. Chikungunya was first detected in 1952 in Tanzania from which it spread in other countries in Africa and Asia with current detections in Europe. Chikungunya has currently affected millions of

Effect Of The Peloponnesian War On Greek Art

Effect Of The Peloponnesian War On Greek Art In this lecture the topic of Greek art and the Peloponnesian War will be discussed. The Peloponnesian War lasting from 432-400 BC did have an effect on Greek art, and for that reason, it should be referred to by separating and marking a major break in the history of Greek art. The division should portray where the war changed Classical art and how it shifted away from the Classical standard or ideal. One must also understand that although there is a break in style and composition from the Classical ideal, it never completely vanishes, nor does it ever completely perpetuate through history. This lecture will talk about what the Classical ideal means, what was the Peloponnesian War; it will focus on the art of sculpture, and then briefly touch upon later works of art that followed the Fourth Century to get a better understanding of why the Classical form continues to be part of Greek history and even contemporary history. CLASSICAL IDEAL Perhaps the best way to examine how there exist a break between the High Classical 450 to 430 BC and the Late Classical 430 to 400 BC periods, the time of the Peloponnesian War, is to clarify what constitutes the Classical ideal style in sculpture. Then, one can examine how the later periods moved away from this ideal. The development of the Classical style originated from as early as the end of the Archaic period, however, the basis for the ideal form was not fashioned until the period of High Classical art and architecture. Made famous by Pericles, the elected leader of the Athenian military until his death in 429 BC, the Parthenon became the symbol of Athens and High Classical art. Pericles plan for the Parthenon was to propagate unity of the Greek Empire and to have Athens as its leader and demonstrate the power that came with winning the war against the Persians. The message spread was clear; the Parthenon was built to remember Athenian victory over the uncivilized Persians and as a symbol for self-confidence and admiration. In Greek Art and Archaeology John Pedley describes Pericles views: The exceptional character of the democracy was at the bottom of Perikles belief in Athens, according to Thucydides, who has him speak in the following terms: We are a democracy in which a citizen is advanced as a reward of merit; a spirit of reverence pervades our public acts; we love the beautiful; we cultivate the mind; Athens is the school of Hellas. For Perikles, the Parthenon may have stood as an emblem of the democracy and as an instrument for the education of Greece. It is this attitude and way of thinking, as well as the physical forms of the architecture of the Parthenon that brought about the idea of the perfect model. Polycleitos of Argos is considered responsible for the construction of the standard form in sculpture. He is famous for his Canon, which illustrates the forms of symmetria, or commensurability, through actual proportions and set measures for the human body in sculpture. Although, much of the Canon is lost and none of his bronze sculptures survive there is still evidence in numerous Roman copies of his work. The most popular copies are those of the Doryphoros [4] or the spear bearer. The structure of the Doryphoros is what makes is unique compare to earlier sculptures, like the Kritios Boy. The form of Polycleitos work shows what might have been written in his Canon; a walking stance, distant stare, and contrapposto composition all aligned by symmetria. According to Pedley, the walking stance is categorized as such because of the way one leg is raised, thus the weight of the body goes to the other leg as if about to step forward. The expression on the face is still distant and relaxed, like those figures found in the Parthenon. The contrapposto, formed by raising the hip with the leg bearing the weight and slightly skewing the shoulders, creates a balance between tense forms and relaxed one. The balance of the body as well as the detail of the bone and muscle, sinew and vein, and hair and flesh help create the ideal shape of the human body. It all works with the proper application of proportionality created by Polycleitos, which strives for an element of perfection. This is the structure and composition one must keep in mind when thinking of the Classical ideal. PELOPONNESIAN WAR Some may say that in examining works of art from the start of Classical ideal to the beginning of the Fourth Century, which is from the time of the Parthenon all the way to 400 BC, there is continuity in style and form. However, if one reads about the war that lasted for thirty years between Athens and Sparta one might begin to see the design and construction of a new form of art in relevance with what was happening between the periods of 430-400 BC. Therefore, it would be better to break down the classical period into separate parts, thus having a split between High Classical period 480-450 BC and the Fourth Century, called the Late Classical period when the Peloponnesian War occurred. Donald Kagan in his book The Peloponnesian War, talks about the conflicts and battles prior, during and after the war. The war between Athens and Sparta started from conflicts between cities and alliances. For many years prior Athens and Sparta had been rivals, but neither wished to go to war with each other, for different reasons. Sparta was afraid that if they left their land to fight at Athens other major states, like Argos, and their helot subordinates would attack their weakened city and form a rebellion against them. And self-confident Athens just had won the war against the Persians, and thus wanted no more quarrels. Nonetheless, their reluctance did not stop either of the states from forming alliances. The Peloponnesian League, or the Spartan Alliance, was majorly formed by Sparta, Elis, Megara, and Mantinea and sometimes Thebes and Corinth. The Athenian alliance is modernly called the Delian League, formed by the region of Attica and surrounding islands; though some regions maintained autonomous. Nevertheless, these allies soon became the great Greek Empire with Athens as its leader and Sparta did not like this. Prior to the outbreak of the major war in 432 BC there were shorter yet significant conflicts and battles with different states from both leagues. For example, when Magara and Corinth went to war the Spartans denied Magaras request for help against Corinth, and instead asked Athens for help. Athens knowing that an alliance with Magara would be a great advantage agreed to help. However, that decision created hostility from Corinth against Athens, which will play a greater role in future conflicts. Donald Kagan explains that this first war ended when the Magarians defected from the Athenian alliance and returned to the Peloponnesian League, opening the way for the Spartan king Pleistoanax to lead a Peloponnesian army into Attica. But at the end Sparta retreated perhaps due to Pericles offer for a peace treaty. The treaty recognized Spartas hegemony on the mainland and Athens in the Aegean both accepted the dualism into which the Greek world had been divided. Also, it reassured that sta tes already in the alliances of the two parties could not change sides once in a league, like Magara had done and neutral states could choose either side. There were still some conflicts through the years always threatening Athens and Spartas treaty, but the two state leaders maintained peace for as long as they could. It was not until the war between Corinth and Corcyra over Epidamnus, according to Kagan, that the matter became more complicated. Corcyra, a neutral state at the time asked Athens for their aid against Corinth. Corinth tried to convince Athens that if they accepted that it would be a breach of the peace treaty for Corinth would have to ask Sparta to join as well. Both Sparta and Athens were hesitant of joining either party, but at the end Athens did accept Corcyras request, with the condition that it would only be defensive aid; Sparta denied Corinth. But Corinths continued to seek vengeance and tried to convince Sparta to get involved. In addition Athens had passed a decree barring the Megarians from the harbors of the Athenian Empire and from the Athenian agora, and scholars believe it was a device intended as a delibe rate provocation to war, a statement of defiance to the Peloponnesian League, an attempt to enrage the Spartans into violating the treaty. No matter the reasons after many negotiations and deliberation Sparta and Athens waged war. It was a war that lasted too long and cost Athens many losses along with some victories. The overall effect of the war left Athens destroyed, divided, demoralized and with limited resources. The plague also took about a third of the Athenian population including its most admired leader, Pericles; bringing new politicians and therefore new strategies to the war accordingly. But it was when the Persians joined the Peloponnesian League that Athens completely fell. Although, around 403 BC when Sparta left Athens and a new democracy was reinstated, Athens was never the same, as it was during its High Classical period. This realization and devastation left a mark on the formerly confident Greek psyche, consequently revealing itself through art. SCULPTURES For the rest of this lecture sculptures of the Late Classical through the Fourth Century will be discussed in terms of how it shifted to a different form of expression and style from the Classical standard, and one will examine other popular mediums of art which rose in popularity at the end of the Late Classical and early Fourth Century. Portraits of busts from the Late Classical period will be compared to those of the early Fourth Century. These two portraits are, respectively, a Herm with Portrait Bust of Perikles (Roman copy) [1] and Double portrait of Sophocles and Aristophanes [2] and [3]. In terms of contrasting body sculptures the Statue of Ares from approximately 430 BC [5] and the Nike by Paionios, in original [6] and [7] and reconstructed forms [8], from about 420-10 BC will be evaluated. In addition to the latter work certain trends in art will be mentioned which relate to the psychological toll of the Pelopennesian War perceived in some work of art. Statues barring simil arities to the Nike by Paionios will be analyzed; these include the Statue of Aphrodite [9] and Victory: Akroterion [10]. Then, later artist from late Fourth Century to the Hellenistic period, like Proxiteles, Skopas and Lysippos will demonstrate where the transition in style after the Peloponnesian War resonated and continued to grow after the fall of Athens. PORTRAITS The Herm with the portrait bust of Pericles is a Roman copy of its Greek 431 BC bronze said to be made by Kresilas, a native of Crete but who worked mainly in Athens. He follows the patterns of the idealistic shape. He is described by Pliny to have the skill of which can make famous men even more famous. This is a good example of the ideal expression that is found in figures at the Acropolis. It is ideal, young, and tranquil and it does not show the heavy responsibility that the general Pericles has to carry. The helmet represents who he is and his importance as a leader. On the other hand there is the Double portrait of Sophocles and Aristophanes also a Roman copy but from the early fourth century. There is a distinct contrast between these two portraits, and this is to represent how far apart these two styles separate in a short period of time. The ideal face of Pericles perhaps was used more to send a message that he is ideal for the job that has been entrusted in him and could ha ve been frequently replicated in large numbers and distributed throughout [his] respective [states]. But the faces of the writers Sophocles and Aristophanes are more realistic, showing their furrowed brows and wrinkled forehead, as if they were thinking about what to write next and also indicative of their age. No longer worried about the ideals of the Fifth Century these portraits show more expression and naturalism than realism as an ideal. The Statue of Ares about 430 BC portrays the same if not similar characteristics of Polycleitos Doryphoros. As it has been mentioned the Doryphoros was subject to many copies, but so were other statues from the same school of art or followers of Phedias, sculptor and seer of the project of the Parthenon; and Alcemenes was one of them. This statue follows the classical proportions and characteristics of the contrapposto and a slight walking stance. His expression is too distant as if lost in his own mind. Symmetria is most definitely present in the composition of the musculature and balance of the body. One expects to see these same features in later works of sculptures, lets say a decade apart, like one sees in the Doryphoros compare to the Diadoumenos also by Polycleitos. However, only ten years apart at about 420 BC the Nike by Paionios could not be compared as similarly. The akroteria of Victory is shown at the moment of touching down, still hovering in flight and with wings (now lost) unfolded. Her bared limb and breast contrast against her body by the rush of her flight, accentuates her anatomy. This statue clearly wants to give a wow effect to the viewer, and perhaps to lift the spirits of the people of Athens and those states fighting the war. It was dedicated to celebrate [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] a victory of the Messenians and Naupaktians over the Spartans. This very big flowing drapery is a style at the time becoming more popular as the appearance of expression becomes more prominent during and after the war with the Peloponnesians. One knows because of the inscription on the Nike by Paionios that this statue is specifically connected to the Peloponnesian War. Therefore, why could one not assume that the war was on everyones mind and causing a change in the style of art? Certainly, the Doryphoros or the Statue of Ares do not represent such troubled times. They are still stuck in the past trying to reach an ideal that is not representative of the time; but they were still being made. For this reason, one must understand that major events, like catastrophic war and plague, takes time to set in peoples consciousness and thus will not be characterized until later years. One does not see the change of style until later in the period, at around 420-410 BC. There is another reason why the Classical ideal might have continued through the time of war. That is artists were following certain trends. Discussed in another lecture, characteristic trends of pursuation, escapism, and soberness can be found in arts associated wi th the Peloponnesian War. The figure in flight of the Nike of Paionios has an illusionistic quality of persuasion, something like a miracle, which could aid Athens end the war. But the war continued and perhaps people wanted to forget about their troubles and tragedies of the war. Art created another world for people to escape to. Though not illustrated in this lecture, the Vase by the Meidias painter was at odds with the implied tension of the activities shown and with rigor of the Peloponnesian War then engulfing Athens. The third trend, soberness, tends to follow the realistic effects of the war on people. As the casualties of the war increased so did the use of grave stones as burial markers, known as stele. These steles were the expression of sorrow and sadness and used to commemorate Greek losses. Unfortunately for the Greeks, the steles are also evidence of their economic decline as well as fall from power. From the faces and postures of the steles of the young woman [11], th e woman [12], and the family [13], the viewer can see and feel the sadness emanating from these work of art. The stillness, quietude and sober contemplation are all confirmation of the grim statues of Athens. The arts of the stele from the Fourth Century foreshadow the style attributed to the Hellenistic period, that of drama and expression. However, before this time period the aftermath of the war left Athens lost. Works of art started to look Classical again. This archaism of the late Fourth Century reflected a need for order from chaos and revival of the Greek world, to recapture something of the confident humanism and harmony of forces. Lysippos, working around 370-300 BC, concerns himself with the principles of symmetria and looks back at Polycleitos and Proxiteles for guides. And from them he develops his own style. His work is more slender, with long limbs and small heads, and give the illusion of being taller. Limbs often extend away from the body so that Lysipposs figures occupy more physical space.And perhaps this search for classicismafter the fall of Athens and prior to it make is harder to see where there is rupture and where there is continuity in the beginning and the end o f the classical era. As a conclusion looking at the style and form of the Nike by Paionios in comparison to later works of art like the Statue of Aphrodite and Victory: Akroterion, as well as late Fourth Century sculptures, like Artemis Brauronia copy of Proxiteles [16] and Niobid and Youngest Daughter Roman copy from ca. 300 BC [17], one sees more similarities (in drapery and movement) between all these rather than the classical ideal of the Statue of Ares or the Doryphoros. Therefore, is it more practical to assume that the Peloponnesian War did have an effect on Greek art and that it should be classified as its own period? It is better to understand it in this fashion rather than trying to argue for continuity in style and composition or worse to ignore the subject all together. War is a very influential catalyst, and like the division between Early Classical and High Classical when Athens grew from the power of winning a war, so should there be a division between High Classical and Late Classical fol lowed by the Fourth Century for losing a war.

Mothers and the Chinese Spirit in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club Essay

Mothers and the Chinese Spirit in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club   Ã‚   The Joy Luck Club is the telling of a tale of struggle by four mothers and their four daughters trying to understand the issue of gender identity, how they each discover or lose their sense of self and what they mean to one another. Throughout the book each of the mothers works hard at teaching their daughters the virtues of Chinese wisdom while allowing the opportunities of American life. They try passing on a piece of themselves despite the great barriers that are built between the women. Each of the stories gives a wonderful glimpse into the Chinese culture and heritage that the mothers are trying to reveal to their daughters through the use of festivals, food dishes, marriage ceremonies, and the raising of children, essentially their past experiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Living with their traditional Chinese culture in American society, these eight Chinese-American women suffer the problems of cultural conflicts in compliance with their gender. Asian women were looked at as being "positive, subservient, compliant, quiet, delicate, exotic, romantic and easy to please" (Mulan). They are nicknamed "China dolls" or " lotus blossoms", which are sexually loaded stereotypes of Asian women. These stereotypes discriminate against women by degrading their worth as people. By men taking advantage of their obedience and submissiveness they are showing that these women are not valued and that they have no voice. Judith Butler responds to these roles by saying, "Gender is an act, a performance, a set of manipulated codes and costumes rather than a core aspect of essential identity". By the middle of this century, Chinese women had been playing this manipulative, subservient role for m... ...look like our mother. Her same eyes, her same mouth, open in surprise to see, at last, her long-cherished wish" (Tan 332). Each mother achieved her desire of implanting her Chinese spirit and wish into each American daughter. Works Cited Butler, Judith. http://www.colorado.edu. Do, Thuan Thi. Chinese-American Women in American Culture. 1992 http://www.ics.uci.edu/~tdo/ea/chinese.html. Hooks, Amy. How to Be a Girl: Problems with Feminism in "Rules of the Game" and Mulan. http://www.unc.edu/~dcderosa/STUDENTPAPERS/childrenbattles/chinaamy.html. Hsiao, Rita, et al. Screenwriters. Mulan. Director Barry Cook and Tony Bancroft. Disney 1998. http://www.unc.edu/~dcderosa/STUDENTPAPERS/childrenbattles/chinaamy.html. Scarcella, R. United States. 1990. http://www.ics.uci.edu/~tdo/ea/Chinesewomen.html. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: Random House, 1989.

Identifying, Organizing, and Analyzing Your Sources Essay

Each statement below contains a logical fallacy. Identify the fallacy and briefly explain, in one or two sentences, why it is an error in reasoning. 1. Mabel is not qualified to lead the school board because she used to drink liquor in her 20s. †¢ Ad hominem: committed by attacking the person who’s making an argument, rather than the argument itself. One of the most common fallacies, it is a direct attack on a person’s character rather than focusing on his or her arguments. Stating that Mabel used to drink that why she is not qualified it a person attack. 2. A child can be either an athlete or a good student. †¢ Either/Or: An oversimplification that assumingly reduces several alternatives to a mere binary opposition, basically means you only have two choices. You only have two choices of being a athlete or a good student. You can choose to be bad student if you wanted. 3. Any change in health care will lead to socialism; we don’t want to live in a socialist country, so we can’t reform health care. †¢ Slippery Slope (Bad Precedent): assuming that a proposed step will set off an uncontrollable chain of undesirable events. Changing health will lead to socialism is an extreme statement. 4. All teenagers text while they drive; therefore, we should raise the driving age to 21. †¢ Hasty Generalization: drawing conclusions from too little of evidence and often relying on stereotypes. Say all teenager text and drive, well some teenager don’t have a car and/or a cell phone. 5. If we don’t all drive hybrid cars, the world will end in the next decade because of environmental damage. †¢ Slippery Slope (Bad Precedent): assuming that a proposed step will set off an uncontrollable chain of undesirable events. That an extreme statement stating that the world will end because we’ll don’t drive hybrid. 6. Senator Range has been seen entering a strip club; therefore, his economic reforms are not plausible. †¢ Ad hominem: committed by attacking the person who’s making an argument, rather than the argument itself. One of the most common fallacies, it is a direct attack on a person’s character rather than focusing on his or her arguments. In this case strip club makes the senator economic reform wrong it a personal attack, degrading his character which will degrade his reforms as mediocre  or of no value to the public. 7. Everyone else is getting rid of TV, so we should too. †¢ Bandwagon: Just because everyone is doing it doesn’t make it right. We used to think that our planet was flat. 8. Because of the recent shootings in schools and theaters, we can conclude that these are inherently dangerous places that need more regulation. †¢ Begging the Question: an argument is held to be true because of practical truths and common sense. Common sense is sometimes correct, but all too many times all too commonly incorrect. 9. If you want a successful child, you should enroll him or her in as many early learning classes as possible. †¢ Creating false needs: emotional proof appeals to what people value and think they need. Advertisers often create a false sense of need in order to sell a product. 10. Music education is useless because it just teaches kids how to play music. †¢ Begging the question: restating the premise in the conclusion rather than disproving. Choose your answers from these eight fallacies. Note: Some of these will be used more than once. †¢ Begging the question †¢ Either-or †¢ Slippery slope †¢ Ad hominem †¢ Creating false needs †¢ Red herring †¢ Hasty generalization †¢ Bandwagon

Attention has been focused on the emergence of radical groups associated with Islam in Indonesia. Discuss if this is a new phenomenon in Indonesia.

Attention has been focused on the emergence of radical groups associated with Islam in Indonesia. Discuss if this is a new phenomenon in Indonesia. IntroductionIn recent years, there has been a lot of attention focussed on the emergence and activities of radical or extremists groups associated with Islam in Indonesia. But such radicalism is not a new phenomenon in Indonesia. Indonesia has gone through many changes beginning with the occupation of the Dutch, then the Japanese during World War 2 and later when Indonesia became an independent nation. These changes were attributed to the politics and identity struggle. In the years after 1908, liberalism, nationalism, socialism and communism combined with Islamic influence gave rise to many political organisations and anti-colonial movements (Aspinall and Berger 2001: 1005). The place of Islam played an important role in Indonesias politics and identity struggle, bringing about independence, reformation and extremism. However, the name of Islam has too often been used to promote an agenda as in the case of Indonesian politics bringing with it death, destruction and deception in orde r to establish an Islamic state with Sharia as the state law.Dutch Consul-General Teppema, Madame Teppema and R...It is uncertain if these agendas were sincerely to establish an Islamic state, or it is a propaganda tool used by governments to influence its people to respond in a certain way, or it is a bit of both. The Bali and Jakarta bombings are examples of death, destruction and deception where only time will reveal the truth.Pre-independenceThe Bali and Jakarta bombings may have been the largest, but it is by no means the first. Indonesia has seen many terrorist attacks post independence, many of which used the Islamic agenda to promote their cause, but have shown to have Indonesian military involvement (Bruinessen 2002). Indonesia has a history of struggle with radical groups pushing forward their goals and changing the face of Indonesias politics and identity. Since the occupation of the Dutch, such groups whether it...

La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron Essay Example

La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron Essay Example La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron Paper La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron Paper Essay Topic: Poetry I intend to compare, When We Two Parted, a romantic poem by Lord Byron and La Belle Dame Sans Merci, also a romantic theme but a ballad by John Keats. In When We Two Parted the poem tells of a loving relationship which has ended, when one of the partners feelings for the other waned. It expresses the emotions of resentment, betrayal, sorrow and anguish which are those sentiments which are often felt by the one in the relationship who has been left. It is personal to the poet and written to his lost love. The poem by John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci has a similar message because it tells of a breakdown in a relationship; it is written as a ballad. It is a romantic story set in times past. It tells of the heartless reactions of a lady to her love-lorn knight. It is an allegory, perhaps written by the poet after he had been let down by his true love. In both poems a story is told in stages, represented in each stanza. Love is expressed in each poem by a feeling of pain and despair at its loss. The authors use expressive language to portray their pain and anguish, in La Belle Dame Sans Merci Keats work didnt really focus on religion or ethnic issues, he wrote mainly about sensations and the richness of life. The style of poetry that Byron uses in When We Two Parted suggests that he also preferred to write in a similar way; this is what makes the two poems suitable for comparison. The two poems are structured completely differently. When We Two Parted is made up of four eight line stanzas and alternate lines rhyme. The rhyme is enhanced by a rhythm which is made by the constant use of five syllables in each line. The use of this form, allows the reader to become immediately drawn to the intention of his poem. It has a rather stilted feeling about it, giving the impression that Lord Byron was so full of passionate hate when he wrote When We Two Parted that it did not flow from his pen easily. The poet uses colons, semi-colons, dashes and full stops to emphasise the depth of his feelings: Colder thy kiss; Sorrow to this! This gives the impression that Byron was angry and miserable when he wrote the poem but that he also wanted to express these feelings as shortly as possible. He ends the poem with a question which he answers: How should I greet thee? With silence and tears. This not only echoes the opening two lines of the poem it also strengthens his feeling of eternal despair at the loss of his love. La Belle Dame Sans Merci is made up of twelve four line stanzas in which only the second and fourth lines rhyme. We can see in La Belle Dame Sans Merci that the author wrote the poem in the style of a ballad, this is because this type of poem is a story. Keats probably saw his poem as an epic that could be remembered and retold by generation after generation, as a story of heart break and love. It is written as a romantic tale of love that has ended, almost like a play, and each verse represents a scene in the play. The regular use of commas and full stops allows the poem to flow from one idea to the next. One similarity between the two poems is the use of repetition to emphasise the poets feelings and to return the reader to the initial reason for the poem being written: Though the sedge has witherd from the lake, And no birds sing. In When We Two Parted Lord Byron uses language that expresses a feeling of physical as well as emotional sickness. The dew of the morning Sunk chill on my brow This gives the impression that Byrons emotional state is making him feel cold, clammy and feverish. Byron adds to this feeling with the constant use of words related to coldness; shudder, colder thy kiss. This links with the emotional and physical illness that Keats narrator is going through, from loss of love, in stanza three; I see a lily on thy brow With anguish moist and fever dew, And on thy cheeks a fading rose Fast withered too. We can see in the quote above, a sense that love is dying along with the rosiness in his lovers cheeks which are fading, signalling that as love is fading so is her stunning beauty. Byron emphasises the idea that love has died using such phrases as: To sever for years. This means that their love has been cut up and will never be whole again: Thy vows are all broken. means that the relationship has reached such a state that all the promises they made to each other have been broken and: A knell to mine ear suggests that a bell of death is tolling to tell of the passing of their love. There is also a mood of regret in such lines as: Truly that hour foretold Sorrow to this. Why wert thou so dear? In silence I grieve Overall Byron gives a sense of disillusionment and betrayal. This is reflected in La Belle Dame Sans Merci but the ways in which these feelings are portrayed are entirely different. Keats tells of the emotions connected with the loss of love, through a dream-like ballad of times long past. The main characters are a chivalrous knight and a passer-by, who questions the knight about his sadness. Keats uses romantic, almost archaic language that is reminiscent of Shakespeare. I met a lady in the mead, The squirrels granary is full And the harvest done. Hath thee in thrall. These quotes give a definite time frame. With the type of language used by Keats, we can see that the ballad was written at a time when the romantic poetry was extremely popular and poetic style was often influenced by the master of such poems; Shakespeare. The author has written the ballad in sections; we can identify a beginning, a middle and an end; the beginning is shown in the first four stanzas with the introduction of a: lady in the meads it then moves smoothly into the middle part of the ballad when the two lovers are having fun and enjoying each others company. The author is giving his lover romantic presents: I made a garland for her head and the end tells of the break-up, the word death signals the death of a relationship. Parts of the ballad are in dream sequence: and there she lulled me I saw their starved lips Here, you get the feeling that reality has struck him hard, this is where he realises that he has been abandoned and that how dreadful he feels now this has happened. The ballad is aiming to give the message that love hurts and that you never know that its over until you wake up and get hit by the knowledge. Mood and tone are key elements of any poem and are definitely present in both of my poems; Byron creates mood and tone by using dull and depressing vocabulary that reflects the poems theme; tearsbrokenchill on my browsorrowcold These give a sense of pain and loss in each line, each with a word of heart ache, which lets the reader know of Byrons deep heartache and distress. Repetition is also another way in which byron has portrayed the mood. He uses the word cold twice, directly after each other, which implicates his cold and broken heart. It sets the tone as being depressing and lonely. This feeling of coldness appears several times throughout the poem, with words such as, chill and shudder. These words help to set the mood by constantly referring to the bleakness of winter, and how to Byron, the loss of his love is like a winter. There is a shift in Byrons When we two parted between the second and third stanza. The first two stanzas depict his own feeling of their parting, and he describes how he felt at the time, and is almost like a flashback of that fatal moment. The last two stanzas are almost like a reality check, and another influence is brought into the poem: they. This shifts the tone of the poem from being reflective to being a more questioning tone. It is also portrayed through literary technique. Alliteration is a key aspect, and Byron uses this at several points throughout the poem: They knew not I knew thee Who knew thee too well: Long, long shall I rue thee Too deeply to tell. The repetition of the th sound enhances the loss of this love, and creates a sound that fits the mood. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci there are a lot of commas and semi-colons throughout the poem: what can ail thee, knight at arms, death pale were they all; they cried La Belle Dame Sans Merci These give the poem a short sharp quality which lets the reader be aware of the type of pain that is affecting the poet. As in When We Two Parted the tone is partially set by the repetition of phrases and words in the stanzas: sedge witherd from the lake, This is repeated in the last line, along with: and no birds sing these open and close the poem, this is very effective for the tone and also the mood of the poem, as the narrator, who is talking to a knight at-arms, is at the beginning of the poem the narrator is alone and lonely and looking for a love, and at the end when he realises that his new-found lover is actually quite floozy and has left many men; I saw pale kings, and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; Who crydLa belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall! This is to show that the mystical woman doesnt only treat the narrator like this, she treats everybody like this, even kings, and princes too,. In addition to When We Two Parted and La Belle Dame Sans Merci I have comed through three other poems, they are, Porphyrias Lover, Never Seek To Tell Thy Love and The Despairing Lover. These poems are all from the era of my main poems and all compliment the theme of loss loss of love. In Never Seek To Tell Thy Love the structure is unique, it is very short, in line length and poem length, it is a group of three quatrains and has a regular syllabic pattern, these things make it short and snappy and give the poem a feeling of sharp pain as it is in very small blistering sections. In Never Seek To Tell Thy Love it is similar to La Belle Dame Sans Merci because of the way the narrator is left by hiss lover and is distraught because of his loss: Soon as she was gone from me A traveller came by Silently, invisibly O, was no deny. This is from Never Seek To Tell Thy Love it is the same as when the poet in La Belle Dame Sans Merci expresses his loss in the way: I saw pale kings and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; They cried-La Belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall! This links to Never Seek To Tell Thy Love because of the way they find out about their lover adultery, it is obviously a big shock. It is apparent that their lovers were maybe a bit loose, I can say this because the way they find out that their love has left them. Porphyrias Lover is linked to When We Two Parted by the tone used to portry their pain. The tone used is very cold and bitter: cold, colder thy kiss These types of words give the poems real pain, it almost gives the effect of physical sickness, this is told byt the authors with great anguish as they use many words like this to give across their throbbing heart soreness. In conclusion I think that the poets bring their themes to life well, by using all the things mentioned structure which is important to set the mood and tone, language which is important to set the mood, tone and gives the speed of the poem. Also the view of love is expressed by all the poets well as being unrequited as it is not really returned in the same way as it is being bestowed on the poets love.

Do you believe adultolescents are helped or hindered by the efforts of Essay

Do you believe adultolescents are helped or hindered by the efforts of their parents - Essay Example that should be quickly noted is the fact that this level of dependence does nothing to inspire or persuade the individual in question to test the waters of the world and step out/take risk on their own. Rather than doing what the countless generations before them have done, this trend represents a negative step in the wrong direction for a group of future leaders that are too timid to risk discomfort or failure. Similarly, one cannot be too harsh on the given demographic trend that Tyre is denoting due to the fact that economic constraints affect this generation that have not been seen in many decades within the American cultural experience. Although Tyre compares the â€Å"adultolescents† of today with the â€Å"Woodstock† generation that were teething to get free of the oppressive constraints that their parents and society seemingly placed upon them, the fact of the matter is that a different paradigm exists today which means that jobs are increasingly impossible to come by and the economic concerns that face such a generation are such that have not been seen since the Great Depression. Says Tyre: â€Å"Unlike the Woodstock generation, this current crop of twentysomethings aren’t building their adult identity in reaction to their parents’ way of life. In the 1960’s, kids crowed about not trusting anyone over 30; these days, they can’t live without them. ‘We are seeing a closer relationship between generations than we have seen since World War II,’ says University of Maryland psychologist Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. â€Å"These young people genuinely like and respect their parents† (Tyre 1) Finally, with respect to how such an approach either helps or hinders the growth and development of the adultolsecents in question, it is the belief of this author that such an approach, although having significant merit and rational based upon the trying times that are currently experienced, is necessarily bad for the growth and development of the individual. Rather

Homosexuality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homosexuality - Research Paper Example Members of the Society for the Reformation of Manners in England accused Captain Rigby of sodomy. The captain was convicted and sentenced to serve one I year in prison. He was also made to stand in a public place where people get to humiliate him for his supposedly bad manners. During the reign of Germany’s National Socialist (Nazi) government under the leadership of Adoft Hitler, the Nazi attempted to rid Germany of people whom they think do not fit their vision of the Aryan race. Since homosexuals do not fit into their vision of the Aryan race, many homosexuals were summarily put to death (see United States Holocaust Memorial Museum). Although times have changed since the open persecution of homosexuals through the courts and through summary execution, the public perception of homosexuals still remains mixed. Some people have become more tolerant to gays while others remained close minded on the issue. In our modern times, homosexuals enjoy more freedom but still, there are areas where these people still do not enjoy the kind of freedom that most people have. A good example of this is the case of the military. During the Clinton Administration, the government adopted the â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy for gays in the military. This laws which took effect in 1993 authorized the government to discharge an American soldier for coming out as lesbian, gay or bisexual. The rationale behind this legislation is that accepting people who are openly gay into the military would affect the high standard of morale in the military and would affect the implementation of good order and discipline among soldiers. The Bush administration supported the policy but the Obama administration promised to allow gays to openly serve the military. Of course this promise of President Obama is yet to be seen in the military. As of now, the â€Å"Don’t Ask Don’t Tell† policy still

Research essay Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Essay - Research Paper Example Engineering is a special stream of implementing scientific concepts for the ease of mankind. From manufacturing a pen to the building of mega structures, like skyscrapers and mammoth naval vessels, engineering has been a technique to stride over decades by one simple innovation and invention. As sciences are attributed for being a self correcting knowledge, engineering has been a practical example. It involves risks and stakes that can cost even thousands of lives, and at the same time it can help millions of lives to live well. As it is seen, even today, that people are prone to the results of their tests and trials in the field of engineering, disasters sometimes become complementary. It is therefore necessary to analyze one such epitome that can provide an example of what was deemed and what was harvested. In modern times uncalled for events do occur. They somehow manage to escape in depth analysis and scrutiny for contingencies. A system that is aimed for the sake of ease of mank ind goes out of control and costs people dearly, should be thoroughly studies from different angles in order to be avoided in future. One such event of our times is discussed here. The event, which will be discussed, is a major engineering failure that reminds every engineer of the outcomes of an under-engineered system design. Case of â€Å"Chernobyl disaster, that gobbled heavy life toll and exposed many to nuclear radiation, is one of the biggest examples of modern times†. (NEA) The Soviets were in charge of the site and its operations and they were in the know about the potential nuclear hazards that could kick off anytime during its operation. As known for their use of crude technology and low level of quality assurance in engineering sector, Soviets took the issue trivially. â€Å"On 26th April, 1986, the nuclear plant that was inducted with low quality and under-engineered steam turbines and fissile material, started malfunctioning†. (safetycouncil.org.nz) This malfunctioning was of very serious nature as the steam turbines showed a stark increase in revolution due to spike in uranium fission reaction. Soon the steam turbines started reaching its maximum revolution capacity and blew up with a thud. The explosion engrossed fissures in the main core which started melting. Eventually the whole core melted and the proximity areas caught fire. The bursting of core emanated tremendous radioactive waves and particles that in the form of a radioactive fallout engulfed large swathes of USSR (Ionizing Radiation, 23). Region in a circle of more than a hundred miles was immersed in this catastrophic fall out. A cost of â€Å"Ruble 18 billion was spent and around 500,000 rescue workers and volunteers started emergency operations in the radiation stricken area†. The failure to comprehend the sensitivity of advance engineering practices to ensure nuclear core development is what is being said as the main reason for such a big loss (Yamada, 4). An answer to the question of what actually went wrong with the nuclear reactor is now clear. International organizations like IAEA have been able to formulize basic requisite for the development and deployment of such facilities. The engineering field has been given a specialized faculty of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Management to ensure fidelity with the international practices of engineering. An analysis shows that there was â€Å"no energy-spike-control mechanism†. (secondsfromdisaster.net) Further the boilers and steam turbines were not segregated from

Customer Service in Leisure and Recreation Essay Example for Free

Customer Service in Leisure and Recreation Essay The Importance of Customer Service Increased sales are one of the key ways to tell how well the company is doing. Excellent customer service means customers will buy more and recommend more products and services other people, which will add to the increase in sales. While sales are very important to leisure and recreation organisations, another way to measure the success is in terms of customer numbers, which is particularly true for non-profit making organisations. Customer service plays a major role in attracting new customers and the main source of this is the powerful influence of word of mouth. Existing customers who are impressed by the customer service at an organisation will tell other people about it. This means that an organisation keeps its existing customers as well as gaining new ones. An effective customer service policy is that customers will view the organisation in a positive way. This means the image of the organisation will be enhanced by the standard of customer service. Having a good public image is very important for: * Attracting new customers * Retaining existing customers * Reinforcing customer satisfaction * Securing repeat business * Gaining an edge over the competition An organisations public image is the mental picture that we have of the organisation. This can be based on our own experience, what others have told us about it or on what the organisation itself has told us about via its marketing activities such as advertising and public relations. Read more:Â  Recreational Activity Example Television programmes such as Watchdog also help us for an image in our heads, especially when they start reporting viewers complaints. This could have a very bad effect on the organisation. Good customer service can also enhance the image of an organisations individual products or services. For example, customers may have a positive image of a sports centre, but also have a positive image of the individual products and services such as the reservations system and changing facilities. Good customer service gives an organisation a competitive advantage. If you sell a similar product or service, you gain an edge by offering a better quality service and this gives a greater chance of attracting customers. A pleasant working environment is another benefit of good customer service. If customers receive good customer service, they will respond in a friendly and appreciative manner. Customer satisfaction is extremely important in a business and this means the organisation must meet the needs and expectations of the customers. Customer loyalty is very important in a business and good customer service helps reinforce customers loyalty to the organisation with every visit they make. If customers are loyal, they are likely to return and these people are known as repeat customers. This means the customers of the past become the customers of the future. If an organisation has poor customer service, they will suffer from: * Decreased sales * Fewer customers * A poor public image * An absence of competitive edge * An unhappy and less efficient workforce * Dissatisfied customers * Lack of customer loyalty and repeat business Personal Presentation The first impression the customer gets of personal presentation is very important as it is one they will never forget. It directly influences customers satisfaction and the image they have of the organisation. Personal presentation includes appearance, personal hygiene, personality and attitude. Appearance covers everything from clothes and footwear, to hair, make-up and jewellery. The reasons for providing staff with a uniform are: * It helps create a positive first impression * Staff are recognised instantly as working for a specific organisation * It is easy to identify a member of staff when a customer needs advice or assistance * It can indicate the department in which a member of staff works * It helps to create a professional corporate image A lot of organisations now provide their employees with a uniform. Organisations rely on their employees judgement for deciding what is and is not acceptable in terms of appearance. Some organisations set ground rules and to a large extent, this reflects the nature of the organisation and the type of customer it serves. For example, a five star hotel will be very strict with the dress code of the employees who work at the front-of-house. They will be required to wear a uniform and it may also include rules on footwear, hairstyling and make-up. The most important point is to make sure that dress and general appearance suit the job, the organisation and the customers expectations. On the other hand, the organisation should make sure that the uniform is comfortable, easy to maintain and look appropriate for staff of all builds. Anyone serving customers should have excellent standards of personal hygiene. Different types of organisations will have different standards of personal hygiene, for example, anyone who works in the food industry will be expected to wash their hands at least a dozen times a day. First impressions also come from the employees own personality. Again, different jobs require different personalities. A childrens sport coach will require a different personality to a personal fitness instructor because they are working with different types of people. From the personality of the employee, people can tell a lot about the organisation itself. The employees attitude towards the customer is critical. The customers feel that they want as much attention as possible when they go into a workplace and if an employees attitude is poor, they may feel neglected and not wanted. Types of Customers Customers have different needs depending on who they are and the circumstances. There is a difference between internal and external customers. Internal customers are members of staff or outside suppliers who contribute towards the service provided for the external customers. External customers are the people who actually buy or use the organisations products and services. External customers are then categorised into individual, group, age, culture, language spoken and specific needs. Many leisure and recreation providers serve groups and the individuals who compromise them in ways that enhance and promote customer service. Customer age groups are classified as children and adults. Although the companies feel the age of the customers is important, they also feel it is important not to make assumptions about customers needs based solely on age. Cultural background influences peoples traditions, tastes, preferences and opinions and it will therefore influence the type of service they need and expect. It is also important not to make assumptions on the culture of the customer. Foreign visitors are an increasingly important part of the UK tourism market. People still want to feel that they can be dealt with even though there is a language barrier. Large organisations often employ multi-lingual staff to communicate with non-English speaking customers. Some customers have specific needs that may require special customer service in addition to that provided to meet the general needs of everybody. These include sensory disabilities, mobility problems, literacy, dietary requirements and people with young children. Dealing with Customers Almost everyone working in the leisure and recreation industry has to deal with customers, whether be face-to-face, on the phone or in writing. Face-to-face communication has many advantages but only the staff use it well. For example, your presentation can help create a positive image. You can also use facial expressions and gestures to help communicate more effectively. Telephone communication is used in most leisure centres and it provides an essential part of customer service. Some organisations even use the telephone as the main method of dealing with the customers. For some organisations, written communication is the main way of keeping in touch with customers. Menus, tariffs or price lists and letters are all forms of written communication, along with bills, advertisements, notice boards, tickets, e-mails and timetables. Non-verbal communication comprises all forms of communication that are spoken or written down. 80% of communication is non-verbal, so it is clearly very important in customer service. Body language is the main form of non-verbal communication and people can tell how interested the staff are just by looking at them. Selling Skills Selling skills are an important part of customer service. Every time somebody asks for help, advice or information, it is probably a selling situation. As a member of staff, you should be helping customers a lot and to be able to do this effectively, you should have good knowledge of the products and services you are trying to sell. Customers can only buy products and services from an organisation if they know they exist, therefore raising customer awareness is a key part of selling skills Establishing rapport with the customer means encouraging a conservation in which the staff and the customer are both communicating on the same level. Within this category, you must also make the customer feel they have your undivided attention without being too over the top. The easiest way for staff to identify the customers needs is to ask if they need any help. From the reply, the staff will be able to decide what further questions to ask to identify the customers specific needs. Presenting the product or service to the customer in an appropriate way is important. For example, is someone wants to buy something but cannot afford it, then the staff should suggest something of a similar range but at a less expensive price. Closing the sale means actually getting the customer to buy the product or service you are offering. Some people may wish to go away and think about the offer that has just been made and in this case, it is probably a good idea to reserve the product or service. Taking a customers payment is also included in closing a sale. This should be done cheerfully, politely, friendly and gratefully to make the customer feel that they have made the correct choice by buying this product or service from this store or centre. Customer service does not end when the customer hands over their money. This is known as after-sales service and sometimes this will be immediate such as asking the customer of they have enjoyed their visit. Sometimes, if people subscribe to a gym for a year, they may need help in using the service after a couple of months. This is where after-sale service comes in useful. A technique known as AIDA is used in the design of advertising and promotional material and when considering effective selling skills. A stands for attention, I stands for interest, D stands for desire and A stands for action. If you use this technique, it will result in the customer desiring the product and therefore taking action by buying it.