American Foreign Policy In The Middle East

American Foreign Policy In The middle(a) eastboundIn spite of long distance in the midst of spunk east ward and United States, U.S. has influenced and has connections in the every country in the neck of the woods. Strategic interests shake off forced the US to build the relations with Middle East including the contention with the Soviet amount of money U.S. has been provoked by the Soviet Union for its interventions from diplomatical overtures of war and friendship. Americans arrest interests to access the Middle Eastern oil. In this require they have motivated their presidents and lawmakers to intervene the region. In addition cultural ties admit Arab Americans, Iranian Americans and Turkish Americans. These American groups want to make the voices heard in the U.S. foreign indemnity arena.The aim of this physical composition is to discuss the United States ideological and physical presence in the region of the Middle East. The paper has in the main focused on the poin ts of the foreign policies of U.S towards the Middle East and the crisis which need specific attention of America.DiscussionThe mothy War stop with the Soviet drug withdrawal from the Third World in general, leaving the United States unchallenged at a regional level, for an uncertain period of time. Sudden collapse of the Cold War rival, disintegration of the Soviet Union, brought the super military and economic agent in need to readjust from one attuned to the global activities and ambitions of Soviet Union to one with new definitions of security measures and political interests. The year 1989 proved to be a very important watershed in the world government activity with regard to its reflection and influence on the political history. The Cold war period was an idiosyncratic with its governing rules. U.S. and the Soviet Union reflected its spirit on all levels of the interactions among all actors of the system. This had as well been observed in the interaction between the sup erpowers and one particular sub-region, one of the roughly problematic artificial regions of new-made times- the Middle East. After subjecting to a certain level of limitation, factors that had shaped the U.S. Middle East policies during the Cold War did emerge as foreseeing the expansion of collectivism by the Soviet Union, securing the free-flow of the Middle Eastern oil to Western industry, and providing the security of newly formed state of Israel and other pro-Western states.The Cold War ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union that resulted in the emergence of new autarkical states, which became the pawns of the new rivalry between big powers to fill the power pointlessness afterwards the Soviets to utilize from their natural resources. But for the sake of the aim of the paper, after a outline look at global developments, the study provide focus on the U.S. and Middle Eastern relations in more(prenominal) detail. Color of the new period started to become obvious w ith immediate signs provided by Iraqi invasion of capital of Kuwait, civil war in Somalia, etc. These have been contributions to the demands and claims of the U.S. by the regional states. Uncivilized parts of the world invited the saviors to bring quietness and happiness, but on tanks, through mistreating their neighbors and citizens.Egypt and U.S. relationships have been under the doubtful position due to nationalization of Suez Canal. During this time Egypt turned towards the Eastern block and Soviet Union and relations suffered with U.S. until the Soviet Advisor was not ousted. After that Egypt began to steer its economic and foreign policies towards the West especially U.S.Iraq invasion by the U.S. has resulted the distrust and dispersal in Middle East. However U.S kept eyes on the wells of the Iraq, and was forced to withdraw its troops from the region. New president of U.S Obama has affiliated to withdraw its troops and launch a very comprehensive regional and internation al diplomatic relations with the brokers to settle the Iraqi people. Obama would withdraw most of the troops from the region and emphasized that troop would be in Kuwait rather than in Iraq itself. Iran is under the pressure of the U.S. Irans nuclear program has created connect for the Israel in the region. It is clear that American foreign policies revolve around the benefits of the Israel. Irans nuclear program is hurdle in the ways of Israel invasion in the Palestinian territory. However Obama has criticized the Senator Clinton bellicose Kyl-Lieberman amendment targeting Iran. He has preferred to negotiate with Iran directly.Sustained and strong-growing goody combined with tough sanctions should be our primary means to prevent Iran from building nuclear weapons. (Obama U.S. President).This raises the question why the Obama has not called for aggressive diplomacy and tough sanctions against the Israel, India and Pakistan for their existing nuclear weapons, so no less than Iran is also making violations of UN security resolutions. Although in the case of the Palestine, in start of his governing he has called for balance of power in Palestinian territory with post of the Israeli peace camp and its supporters. He was hopeful to settle the infringe according to the line of Geneva Initiative and also similar efforts by Israeli and Palestinians. However past two years Obama has changed the mind and has insisted to sustain the Israel with full funding the military assistance. In the presence of the international reprimand the Obama has claimed that Hezbollah was the responsible for these killings of unreserved citizens. However the Human Right take note has found that there was no involvement of the Hezbollah and it was the massive killings of innocent people by the Israeli troops. Obamas senators always condemn the attacks against the Israeli civilians by Arabs and have never condemned the killings of Pedestrians by the Israeli troops. Syria is the count ry of the region and lies in the part of the Middle East from where U.S. can get its goals in the Middle East. American has not established a confidant policy towards the Syria.ConclusionsThis paper has examined the points of American foreign policies in Middle East. This paper provides a brief evaluation of the American foreign policy and measures taken to make the region very peaceful for the Obama Administration. We have started from the Cold war pre-circumstances and presently prevail conditions of the Middle East with perspective of the America foreign policy. This paper ends with a discussion of the potential for a return to liberalism in foreign policy towards the Middle East during the present Obama administration. A very moderate and pragmatic approach is recommended in specific instances. A foreign policy found on the true realistic approaches is required to be fully reconsidered.

Rural Transport Modes in Auchi and Environs

unsophisticated bewitch Modes in Auchi and ringELEMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF uncouth transfer MODES IN AUCHI AND ENVIRONSBYATUBI, AUGUSTUS .O. (Ph.D)INTRODUCTIONIn as much as it is easier to define the concept send out, the reciprocation untaught is a bit more difficult. Like its urban concept, in that respect create been problems with definitions of countryfied since no single criterion could be utilize beca example some countries use low universe of discourse go steadys while separate use high cosmos figure in determining cracker-barrel. in that view is a demographic definition of plain using minimum population thresholds. Often the minimum population figures that a endue must involve to qualify as a unsophisticated field of study is specified. This minimum population size varies from single distinguish to the other appearing on the situation of the rustic concerned. It has been noted that a population of 2,500 and below is the distinction on which ag restic stadiums ar recognized in the United States of the States. However, the figures use in other countries vary remarkably from that of the U.S.A. In Denmark, a country place is an agglomeration of 250 or less pot. Greece, awkward places involve agglomerations of 10,000 or less, whereas Guatamala has considered places as arcadian if they have 2,000 or less inhabitants, plus places with 1,500 or less inhabitants of which running piddle service is provided in their houses (Ola, 2000). According to the Nigerian (1952) census, a rural place is an bea having a population of less than 5,000. By contrast, the 1963 census restore 20,000 or less people. In Canada, it is below 1,000, in France, it is 2,000 and below and in Japan it is below 3,000. Thus, rural population is defined in name of settlement below 20,000 population as in Nigeria.The term rural has therefore, generated more contr everywheresy in the literature and involves economical, sociological, ethnic, racial and numerical dimensions. In Nigeria, rural disciplines are inhabited by people whose occupations are in the main agriculture (Aloba, 1986). The spatial nature of imaginations in rural areas made the provide of rural highroads network necessary factor for ontogenesis. As a result of the neglect, the rural areas have al sorts been associated with under-development as well as classified as zones of high propensity for out migration (Udo, 1975 Uyanga, 1980 and Makinwa, 1981). Rural area stub therefore be defined as an area reign by extensive land uses such as agriculture and forestry or large space of under-developed land.The term rural directation system arsehole be defined as short- exceed movements between an urban centre and the surrounding rural areas, between two rural settlements or between a rural settlement and the furthestmland that belongs to it (Aloba, 1986 Aluko, 2000). However, the modes, routes and merchandise of rural commit may depend to some extent, on the pre vailing geographical, environmental and technological development of the area under study. Rural transport therefore, means movement of people, goods and services inwardly rural areas and between (rural areas) and urban centres that will afford the rural areas the fortune to reach their economic growth and trade potential to enable them spend a penny their desired quality of life.CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCESINFRASTRUCTURAL PROVISION APPROACHThe face for a new rural transport planning paradigm in develop countries began in a some what unfocussed manner. The initial commit of departure was simply dissatisfaction with the existing implied policy reliance on alkali investment for conventional motored vehicles as both the catalyst for economic and social change, and the prime means of enhancing accessibility and personal mobility, with vehicle offer being left to the private sector (Howe, 2001Atubi and Ali, 2008). Early criticism focused on the unnecessarily high desi gn standards applied to local anesthetic anaesthetic feeder, perspicacity or development roads, and the resulting slow and uncertain rate of network development (Stuckey, 1973) the in-affordability and indeed non-availability of motor vehicles to the mass of population, and the neglect of effective policies for the development of the local transport and vehicle system (Howe, 1975).HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL ANALYSISThe permutation of household for the transport system as the fundamental unit of move around analysis enabled a conceptual leap in rural transport studies to take place. The first systematic use of the travel characteristics of the household as the basic unit of travel study and analysis in developing countries took place during the mid-1980s in the course of two studies, one in Tanzania and one in Ghana (Bawell and Malmberg- Calvo, 1986 Barwell and Howe, 1987). The core of the method was a organize interview, which recorded basic data about a household and the local and exte rnal travel activities of its members. It indispensable a broadening of the notion of transport which was defined as travel from home for whatsoever purpose and by any means of movement, including walking or suffering loads on the repoint and back. The result was a quantification of household movements in terms of trips, time washed-out traveling and distance traveled to various facilities such as supplies of water, firewood, wellness clinic, grain grinding mills, markets etc, tonne and tonne-km of effort, modes used, and the gender and adult child booking split. Methodologically the technique was a significant advance since a stage of precision in quantifying household travel demands was achieved (Barwell, et al, 1987).ELEMENTS OF RURAL TRANSPORT IN AUCHI AND ENVIRONSApproach to rural transport study requires a holistic understanding of the mobility and access needs of the rural communities. It is a demand led, or people centred approach with emphasis on the need expressed by affected communities (i.e. Auchi and environs). In context, rural transport is more broadly seen as an input into successful rural livelihood strategies, within which access consists of triple complementary elements (a) rural transport services and intermediate means of transport, (b) location and quality of facilities and (c) Rural infrastructure as show in figure 1 (Lebo and Schelling, 2001).RURAL TRANSPORT SERVICES AND INTERMEDIATE MEANS OF TRANSPORTThis deals with availability, affordability of rural transport services and intermediate means of transport in rural areas and their routine in promoting rural economic development (Slack, 1990 Riverson and Carapetis, 1991). The familiarity base covers information on rural travel patterns and surveying the role of government in creating an enabling environment for the services (establishing import duties and licenses, taxes, duty and route regulation, safety measures and subsidies), the role of the private sector (acting as op erators, manufactures and character reference institutions) and social and cultural aspects. Other issues include the provision of vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and their application (Melmberg-Calvo, 1994b Barwell, 1996).Fig. 1 The Elements of Rural commit(Adopted from Lebo and Schelling, 2001)LOCATION AND QUALITY OF FACILITIESThe second element of a comprehensive rural transport framework is the location and quality of facilities. The distance from households to facilities such as wells, forest, grinding mills, schools, and health centres determines the cadence of time rural dwellers spend on transport activities. Numerous studies on rural transport have shown that rural households, and concomitantly women, spend a substantial amount of time and effort on transport activities (McCall, 1985 Malmberg-Calvo, 1994a, 1998). The bulk of these efforts are required for domestic subsistence activities. In view of planners, this time is unproductive and wasted, and a beetle off on potentially productive labour the principal economic resource for most rural households (Edmonds, 1998). Thus improved quality and better locations of facilities are important to consider when examining alternative access onward motions in rural areas.RURAL TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTUREComplementing means of transport and the location and quality of facilities is the 3rd element of rural transportation rural transport infrastructure. Rural transport infrastructure is the rural road, track and path network on which the rural population performs its transport activities. Other issues of rural transport infrastructure include the framework for management and finance, ownership and responsibility, local capacity, design appraisal and traffic characteristics (Malmberg-Calvo, 1998 Cannon and Lebo, 1999). There is similarly transport policy and strategy to speech communication the issues mentioned above.CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL TRANSPORT MODES IN AUCHI AND ENVIRONSThe rural transport road mode in Auchi and environs could be classified into two major(ip) partsNon-motorized pushized1.Non-motorized system This includesi.Head porterageii.Bicycle carriageHead Porterage This is the traditional way of carriage in most rural areas. It is the oldest mode so far and always meant for subsistent, purposes. Trekking from one place to another in the rural areas is restrain by the distance and capacity of the journey maker both in carriage and walking. It is assumed that the maximum distance an average man can trek is about 3km per time of day and the maximum load capacity is 40kg which when carried over a long distance reduces the journey rate to about 2km/hour (Aluko, 2000).Bicycle Bicycle is also classified as an un-motorized system of rural transport system. It is a bit better than the head porterage mode for its improvement in speed and carriage capacity. The bicycles speed can be estimated as 20km/hour and with a carrying capacity of between 80kg and 100kg (Aloba, 1986 Ikporukpo, 1987 Aluko, 2000).2.Motorized ModesThe motorized mode of rural transport is the use of auto-engines to transport both valet and freight in the rural areas. The commonaltyest type of motorized modes areMotorcyclesMotor carsPick-upsMini messLorries/tippersMotorcycles The motorcycles are be very commonly in rural areas save are not usually as common as bicycle because of the high cost involved in procuring one and which can only be afforded by very few people in a rural set up. By and large, a pedal is more powerful than the bicycle and so the speed is far high than the bicycle in folds.Motor cars These exist in term of literary hack or cabs which usually have a capacity of four passengers, just now which in most cases are overloaded with either passengers or freights or both in few places where they are found. The types of cabs found in the rural areas are vehicles, which are not road worthy in any form. They are found at road junctions connecting different villag es to carry passengers in these rural sets up or better still they could be found at some designated areas called garages (Motor parks) where such exists.Pick-ups This is another motor vehicle designed for freight transportation and in few occasions may as well transport the rural people. Farm produce are transported from the enhance or village to the urban centres in large quantities.Mini-buses The mini-buses are used for human transportation. They are of the exact distinct option given to the cabs but in this case mini-buses are bigger than buses for its carrying capacity. It is usually a 16-seater bus (urvan) and the 14-seaters (c.20). They are known for their van-pulling purpose while their journey time is usually more than the cabs in that they stop in virtually all the villages and junctions reached.Lorries The Lorries are another motorized mode used in the rural areas. They carry passengers but their major purpose is to transport rural freight from place to place. In most ca ses, the 10 tonnes and the 15 tonnes Lorries are commonly found. In this case, they are mostly used to evacuate the farm produce to the urban centres where they are disposed for prices. Farmers of varying number can come unitedly to hire a lorry for this purposePOLICY IMPLICATIONS/RECOMMENDATIONSFor a terrific improvement of rural transport in Auchi and environs in particular and Nigeria in general to take place, the following strategies and useful recommendations might jockstrap in the development of rural transportation.There should be a well-articulated rural development policy that would spell out the necessary strategies that are mighty conceptualized.Special fund should be made available for rural development. This should be structured (if possible) in such a way that it will be administered from the federal level. Also, budgetary allocations to rural transport must be disbursed and on time for the implementation of proposals.There should be a department of rural developme nt or federal ministry of rural development that will carry off the state and local government rural departments. That is, these must be chiseled potence at all levels of governments solely for the enhancement of rural transport. The duties of the authority in the planning implementation and maintenance of the roads must be well spelt out.CONCLUSION beguileation is one of the various primary(a) factors in rural development and it is necessary to understand its role in rural development and particularly how transport and other factors for development interact to produce the resulting structure of the rural economy and society. Rural transportation is also very important for the growth and development of any rural area (i.e. Auchi and environs) and as well as for the efficient movement of people and goods passim the country.REFERENCESAloba, O.O. (1986) Rural carry-overation in Falola, T. and Olunrewaju, S.A. (eds) exile System in Nigeria. maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, University of Syracuse, Syracuse.Aluko, O. (2000) Rural acid and growing Planning in Nigeria. Kins book Publication Series, Ibadan, Oyo State.Atubi, A.O. and Ali, A.N. (2008) Development in Conceptual and Methodological Advances in Rural Transportation. International Journal of Development Studies. Vol. 3, No. 4, Pp. 79-82.Barwell, I. (1996) Transport and the Villages. human beings affirm Discussion paper, 344, capital of the United States DC.Barwell, I. and Howe, J. (1987) rent of Potential for IMT Executive thick and Main Report (Ghana). I.T. Transport Consultancy Commissioned by population Bank Washington D.C.Barwell, I. and Malmberg-Calvo, C. (1986) Market Integrated Rural Transport Project explorative Findings from a Village Level Transport Survey. Ilo Rural Transport Paper 4, I. T. Transport Consultancy, Geneva.Barwell, I. Howe, J. and Zille, P. (1987) Household snip use and Agricultural Productivity in Sub-Saharan African A Synthesis of I.T. Transport Rese arch. I.T. Transport Ltd, Washington DC.Cannon, C. and Lebo, J. (1999) Design and Education of vary low-volume Rural Roads in ontogeny Countries Transportation Research Record. 1652, Transportation Research Board, Washington DC.Edmonds, G. (1998) Wasted Time The Price of Poor Access. International Labour Organization. Office, Geneva.Howe, J. (1975) The Future of Surface Transport in Africa African Affairs, Vol. 1, 74, No. 296, Pp. 134-325.Howe, J. (2001) Village Level Transport. Rural Transport Knowledge Based Rural Travel and Transport Programme.Ikporukpo, C.O. (1987) An Analysis of the accessibility of Public Facilities in Nigeria Socio-Economic Planning Services. Vol. 21, Pp. 61-69.Lebo, J. and Schelling, D. (2001) Design and Appraisal of Rural Transport Infrastructure Ensuring Basic Access for Rural Communities World Bank technical foul Paper. No. 496. Washington DC.Makinwa, P.K. (1981) Internal Migration and Rural Development Lesson from Bendel State. Heinemann, Ibadan.Malmbe rg-Calvo, C, (1994b) Case Study on Intermediate means of Transport Bicycle and Rural Women in Uganda. World Bank Sub-Saharan African Transport Policy Program, on the job(p) Paper No. 12.Malmberg-Calvo, C. (1994a) Case Study on the Role of Women in Rural Transport Access of Women to Domestic Facilities. World Bank, Sub-Saharan African Transport Policy Program, Working Paper, No. 11.Malmberg-Calvo, C. (1998) Options for Managing and Financing Rural Transport Infrastructure World Bank Technical Paper. No. 411, Washington, DC.McCall, M. (1985) handiness and Mobility in Peasant Agriculture in Tropical Africa in Cloke, P. (ed.) Rural Accessibility and Mobility. Institute of British Geographers, Rural Geography Study Group, Lampeter, pp. 46-63.Ola, A. (2000). Rural Transportation and Development Planning in Nigeria. Kings Book Publications Series, Ibadan.Riverson, J.D.N. and Carapetis, S. (1991) Intermediate means of Transport in Sub-Saharan Africa Its Potential for Imposing Rural and Tr ansport World Bank Technical Paper. 161 Washington DC.Slack, B. (1990) Intermodal Transportation in North America and the Development of Inland Load Centres Professional Geographer 42, Pp. 72-83.Stuckey, B. (1973). Transportation and African Development The land-locked Countries. Institute for Economic Development and Planning, Ibadan.Udo, R.K. (1975) Migrant Tenant Farmers of Nigeria A geographic Study of Rural Migration in Nigeria. African University Press, Ibadan.Uyanga, J.I. (1980) A Geography of Rural Development in Nigeria. University Press of America, Washington DC.1

Since The Introduction Of Social Networking

Since The Introduction Of soci subject NetworkingSocial networking site, abbreviated SNS, is the enclosure subprogramd to describe any weave page that enables drug consumptionrs to create community profiles within that web page and develop relationships with other users of the same web sites who read their account. Social networking sites give the sack be used to describe community- base tisprocess sites, online discussions forums, chat rooms and other companionable spaces online. Some features included on legion(predicate) sites atomic number 18 instant messaging, video calling, chat, file sharing, discussion groups, example chats, telecommunicates, blogging and so on. Social networking sites be web pages that are made for unconcerned and proceedingive interaction among members. Most kindly networks are Internet based and aim to offer varied and interesting resources on how uses tar belong interact. What attracts battalion to amicable networking sites are they are excellent places to stay in smell with allys especially those who we do non normally see frequently. These sites as well as provide a forum to discuss or request a corporal body of topics ranging from sports, languages to science and technology or so far politics and news.Social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Myspace) contribute run highly addictive enough that stack send word eject to depend on them for confidence as well as append ain tameing close others. It has taken nation by do making it possible to get the most accurate and personal learning on any wiz person from their favorite food to what school they are in and even get their sexual orientation in a matter of seconds, sometimes without even having them as a friend or manageing the person. It also gives lot a sense of self. It allows individuals the license of speech with the talent to allow others to like what they flip to say or comment (retweet etc.) back almost as if to let some ace k now if what they mobilise or feel is cool or funny enough. Social networking sights (Kiesbye 2011) reduce productivity and innovation in the work area and can become an enormous distraction amongst coworkers. Many of the websites provide users the option of email nonifications and text message alerts to help feed the growing dependency of astute who is saying what about your status, commenting on a picture or modify their profile. These sights chance upon it almost impossible to escape their anger due to bulky advertising and celebrity cameos. They have online contests (ex. the 10000th person to like this page gets a gift card) and givea carriages to save luring in different passel by the day. In Feb. 2009, Los Angeles Times reported, MySpace identified 90,000 registered sex offenders with profiles on the site, while Facebook declined to reveal how many a(prenominal) were available on its site. Even if the sites decide to remove sex offenders, they cannot see all of them or stop them from creating new accounts (Cited procon.org).In the past a couple of(prenominal) years, brotherly networking websites have become increasingly popular among Internet users, as a place where people can meet other people, communicate, and commute in runation(Philippines Pinoy 2011) . Because of the popularity with social websites, social websites have the number one attractions for bullies. Children use social networking sites to post derogatory, hurtful, or threatening randomness about others. According to Kiesbye, discipline Public Radios Veronica Miller discovered Becky, a MySpace cyber twin who had copied a photo of Miller from Facebook and published it-along with photos of Millers family-on the imposters site. Although Millers impersonator did not threaten or stalk her (and MySpace promptly removed Beckys site), the incident shows the authorisation of a good deal(prenominal) sites for still hunt or harassment (Kiesbye 2011). Not only has the misuse of socia l networking sites gotten adolescents in trouble, but recently professionals at work got in trouble for it. In 2009 the US Marine Corps reported, The US Marine Corps criminalize the use of all social media sites on its networks because the sites are a proved haven for malicious actors and content and are particularly high try due to training exposure, user generated content and targeting by adversaries. (Cited ProCon.org) The entire division of Defense is considering a ban on social networking sites because of concerns over earnest threats and potential computer viruses. Recently, Time magazine reported that 70% of U.S. humanity resources officers said that they rejected new job applicants for inappropriate material they uncover about the applicant, from social networking sites. According to many surveys and studies employers surfing the web has become one of the number one reason why people are fired from work. After finding and artice via a browser (e.g., Google), people a re penalized for what they are posting. Many are denied jobs, dismissed from work or discipline because of comments they have carelessly left lying around on social networking sites.Sharing too much information on social networking sites can be problematic in two expressive styles. First, it can reveal something about you that you rather your current or future employer or school administrators not know, and second, it can put your personal nearty at risk. A potential dgetside of social networking sites is that they allow others to know a persons contact information, interests, habits, and whereabouts. Consequences of sharing this information can diverge from the relatively harmless but annoying such(prenominal) as an increase in spam to the potentially deadly such as stalking. Criminals can use information provided about a persons birthday, location, routine, hobbies, and interests to place a trusted friend or convince the unsuspecting that they have the authority to access perso nal or financial data. Even though SNS have potential harm because of stalkers or hackers, there is a way to avoid it. Someone should never disclose private information online or through a chat. If possible do not send pertinent information, including bank account information, your social security number, and birthday, over the Internet. Several social networking site features may increase users vulnerability to stalkers and other predators. For example, new MySpace members was asked to come out a name or nickname and information about their married status, sexual orientation, hometown, school, religion, education, interests (e.g., music, movies, television, books, and heroes), children, or income. Although most of these questions are optional, users may automatically coif them because they are using the site to meet other people. On many sites, all these answers go public, remaining open to anyone who uses the site. Stalkers may use such information to gain access to site member s. Victims also have options in civil or family courts. They can seek protective orders against stalkers, who can be ordered not to contact the victim, including not using any form of electronic communications to stalk the victim. Victims may also be able to file a civil tort case against their stalker, seeking regaining for the impact of stalking on their lives. Also, under certain conditions, victims can sue social networking sites for failure to remove offensive or defamatory material regarding the victim from the site (Kiesbye 2011). therefore, deciding whether to post something, remember that the more information malicious people have about a person, the easier it is for them to take payoff of that person.Social networking sites can be call outd. People treat them like their own diary or journal, and then get upset when people get mad at them because they posted something about them on their wall. They should be tabu because of the harm they are doing to personal relations hips and a persons wellness. friendships, marriages torn apart, and Internet push around done. Although SNS can be a terrible time waster and provides an avenue for cyber-bullying and harassment, it is also a extremely useful tool for maintaining contacts, friendships and social interaction, even when friends move homes, jobs, etc. Used sensibly, there is no reason at all to see social networking sites as a threat or a problem. Individual users, however, are not always very sensible. (Add to a greater extent Use Sources)Social networking sites provide a whole new way of meeting new friends and discovering fascinating communities, however the cyber interactions cannot, in many people opinion, replace the real physical contacts. Ironically, people are less social through social networking sites because rather than talking to those around us we almost solely talk to those online. While social networking sites can help make us more connected throughout the world, an unintended side ef fect is that we become isolated in your own communities. Social networking sites are destroying peoples ability to be able to read facial expressions and body language. The more people talk online the less we talk in real life, so much so that we lose the ability to catch those little nuances that are type signs that we are offending someone or boring them. We are also relying too much on the anonymity of online interaction, and this causes us to be meaner online. engross my name for example-the name of my profile is my real name, and my real age and short-circuit list of what I like is also listed. In a facial gesture to face encounter, there are consequences for what a person may say. This is not true online, and you can say any horrible thing you essential with the protection of anonymity.Many people believe that they are quite safe online because they are only using social networking sites to talk to friends, or they think that they are entirely anonymous. People should be cautious to whom they just met online. There are number of ways identities can be stolen online continues to increase. Hackers and thieves use these networks to reach the information they need to wreak havoc on those who innocently use these sites. In order to protect your-self against predators, hackers, or professional job people should learn about how different sites work. Learning how different sites work will insure that the user knows what they are signing up for. A user of any SNS should allow only users you authorize their page. If a user does not know a person then he or she can always deny a friend invitation. Not only should one not allow unknown members but members also should guard personal information with privacy settings, this allows only certain information to be seen by others. When using social networking sites a person should only post information that you are comfortable having others see and know about you. These posts leave pertinacious reputation that poten tial jobs and others can see.There are many different discussions on the topic of social network addiction but one argument is clear These sights are addictive and they can and will forthwith and indirectly affect the daily lives of individuals. While some use these sights for exactingly charged outreach and to inform and educate others, there will be some who abuse the sights by not using them for their intended purposes. It is imperative that people use their greater judgment and take caution and be fully aware(predicate) of these social networking sights and what they are signing themselves up for. So before you localize yourself to constant email updates, text message alerts and advertising campaigns assess the positive and negative aspects of internet socialization and ask yourself is it really worth it?

Effects of Weather on Aircraft Accidents

Effects of Weather on Aircraft AccidentsEFFECTS OF profile ON AIRCRAFT MISHAPS IN NIGERIAEfe, S. I.Geography and Regional Planning plane sectionDelta give tongue to University, Abraka.ABSTRACTThis paper is an assessment of the make of conditions on aircraft mishaps in Nigeria. This was investigated with the aid of entropy collected from the Meteorological Service Office, Oshodi and the use of questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the aid of mean and multiple regression models. Results suggest that paltry profile (less than l000m) have a signifi dissolvet solvent on aircraft mishaps in Nigeria, other casual factors of aircraft. Old time of the aircraft, lack of safe come equipment amongst others factors of aircraft mishaps.INTRODUCTION on that point have been several cases of air transportation problems c totallyable to forgetful air power last at both(prenominal) inter home(a) and national airports worldwide. For example, in U.S.A. the weather is responsible for almost 33 percent of all airwave casualtys part th to a depress placestorms ar the commonest cause of flight delays (26 percent). Also, unfavourable moves and wind shear atomic amount 18 responsible for 19 percent of flight h emeritus-ups (Hayward and Oguntoyinbo, 1987). that Critchfield (1966) and Smith (1975) have noted the effects of low-down profile on flight operation. For instance. Smith (1975) opined that despite the increasing sophistication of automatic arrive equipment, poor visibility from fog and low cloud ceilings is probably the major impediment to air operation through give away the world. In Nigeria, thither has been a series of air travel disasters link up to poor weather. But the lather aviation fatality occurred in November 1973, when 183 people died in an air crash at Kano airport during the land approaches of a pilgrim flight from Jeddah as a dull spread out cloud persisted. Also Nigeria airways, suspended its flights for one week in Janu ary 1983, due to widespread stud shock, and was describe to have lost about 15 million U.S. dollars as a force (Adefolalu, 1984). Studies in this part have been neglected over the years, rather there argon concentrations of studies on Harmattan form haze as actualisen in the works of Biglestone (1958), Burns (1961), Ireland (1962), Samray (1974), Adefolalu (1968 and 1984) and skinny and Bokop (1996). raze the study by Adefolalu (1984) which appeared more recent in Nigeria yet foc apply on the Bioclimatological aspect of Harmattan dust haze in Nigeria to the neglects of the effects of visibility on flight operations in Nigeria,. In fact, while vagaries of poor visibility on flight operation in Nigeria keep unabated, as spiritedlighted in the Nigerian Guardian November 1996, December 1998 and the Comet February 2000. There are a dwindling number of studies in this area. The reason is not at sea with the paucity of visibility data as well as myopic records of flight cer ebrovascular happenings, delays and drive outcellations in most Nigerian airports and Meteorological run departments. Even when available, exorbitant fees for their purchase scare researchers away. Thus, there is dearth of randomness in this aspect of climatology. This study is therefore carried out in Nigeria that is located at the intersection of latitude 4N and 14N, and between longitude 3E and 15E. It is characterised with wet and ironical term. However, in the coastal blast of Nigeria, wet season spans for 11 12 months.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThis study is design at assessing the effects of visibility on aircraft mishaps and identifying other factors that causes aircraft mishaps in Nigeria and inspire ways of reducing aircraft mishaps in Nigeria.CONCEPT AND METHODOLOGYThe study is ground on the concept of visibility. Visibility is the highest distance an individual whoremaster see with an unassisted Hayward and (Oguntoynibo, 1987). However, in the context of the airc raft operation, it is the highest distant a fly can see on board (airborne) when taking off with the aid of an unaided eye. Visibility is said to be poor to aircraft operation, when it 100 metres and below (Efe, 1997). There are probably two main source areas for dust harmattan haze that precipitated in poor visibility in West Africa and Nigeria in particular. cardinal is the plains between Bilma and Fays Largeau in Niger and Chad, where fine dust particles are fed to the area by seasonal streams from the Tibesti upland replenishing the dust that is stripped from the surface by the winds. The sec originates west of the Ahaggar massif, Tonezrouft in Algeria. From the former source is derived the haze that may extend across Nigeria (Hayward and Oguntoyinbo, 1987). It r distributivelyes the Nigerian border about 24 hours later leaving the Fays Largeau source Region (Burns, 1961).Reduction of horizontal visibility forever marks the onset of a spell, which lasts up to 3 5 years ( Adebayo, 1980). But some spells may persist for up to 10 days, when the adduction of dust is from a thread rather than a point source. In such(prenominal) a situation, clearance of the haze may be delayed to an end that the arrival of another dust spell is not obvious. Persistence of dust haze for more than two weeks may be classified as due to only one spell whereas it could have been due to lapping spells. This pattern of particular is more conspicuous in the southern limits of the dust front which according to Adefolalu (1968), is a feature of Harmattan dust to the South of the Inter-Tropical Discontinuity (ITD). The in-flight posting on four trips between Kano and Lagos made by Adefolalu showed that the dust work is shallower but thicker in the extreme north (where visibility is poorer) and coastal separate of Nigeria. But higher to the south of the surface ITD where dynamic instability associated with the monsoon money box (Adefolalu, 1983), at about the 900mb direct lea ds to rising motion which help to distribute the dust within a deeper layers. everyplace the greater part of Nigeria, however, especially north of the forest zone, the prevalence of mist, most noticeably in the prohibitionist season, cannot be explained with have-to doe withence to atmospherical moisture. In fact, it is more accurate to refer to haze rather than mist, the former term universe used to discover visibility impaired by presence of solid aerosols, not liquid. In West Africa, particularly during the pre-rains diaphragm, such aerosols may be contributed by furnish fire (Crozat et al, 1978), but by far the greater proportion of atmospheric pollutants is dust from the north, associated with the harmattan. The influence of this dust-laden north easterly airflow, r each(prenominal)es even the Guinea beach in the period December to February.The data used for this study were extracted from the register of the Accident Unit of Murtala Mohammed Airport, Ikeja, Lagos, (19 87 1998) and the use of questionnaire. For this data collection, 1000 metres visibility speeding limit is used as visibility induce for aircraft operation, the reason being that visibility higher than 1000 metres though affect aircraft operation, but its effect will not bring the desired delays, cancellation and accidents of aircraft in Nigeria. In Nigeria, there are a total of 14 airports, out of which the Murtala Mohammed Airport Ikeja make the Central collating centre of aircraft accidents, delay and cancellation. This gave the impetus for the pickaxe of the Ikeja Airport. opposite reasons for the choice of Ikeja airport, and the years 1987 1998 include reliability, consistency continuity of records and long range of data. For each year, the total daily, monthly and annual aircraft accident as well as those accidents that are weather related was scrutinized. The seasonal occurrence of aircraft accidents was adopted by dividing the months of the year into Wet (April-Septembe r) and Dry (October March) seasons.A total of 14 questionnaires were administered to the 14 accident units of the 14 major airports in Nigeria. This was done to elicit information responses on the major causes of aircraft mishaps in Nigeria. One questionnaire each was therefore, posted to the 14 airports and same number was filled, returned and used for the study.The multiple regression analysis is used to determine the effects of poor visibility on aircraft mishaps, while line graph was used to depict the seasonal pattern of aircraft accidents in Nigeria. treatment OF RESULTSThe result of aircraft accidents from 1987 1998 are presented and discussed below.From the table above, a total of 89 cases of aircraft accidents were reported, out of which 45 were weather related and the total number of casualties were 498. During the period under investigation, the year 1988 enter the highest rate of aircraft accidents of 14 cases, out of which 9 were caused by poor visibility. This was f ollowed by 1992 (10 cases), 1990, 1991 and 1995 (9 cases each), 1998. (8 cases), 1989 (7 cases) and the lowest rates of accidents occurred in 1993 and 1977 (3 cases), poor visibility was the major causes of 2 cases in the year 1997. Over these years, poor visibility was known to be an inducement of these accidents as shown in the weather related column of table 1. In 1988, the 9 weather related cases of accident out of the 14 total cases reported. occurred during the dry season when the hamattan dust haze was said to be highest in the country. Fog, mist, rain, and strong winds are other weather factors that have contributed to the accident rates over the years. Most especially those that happened during the months of April September, are as a result of foggy and misty weather that could sometimes reduce the visibility to 50m in the morning. For instance as a result of foggy and misty weather on June 26th and 11 July 1991 the Nigeria flight path Airbus 310 and Ashaka Cement Cessna Citation 550 crash landed at Murtala Mohammed Airport Lagos, and union Al 1. Airport in Bauchi respectively. Causalities were said to be 4 and 261 respectively. This was the worst aviation mishap during the period of this study.It was gathered that 5 airports (Sokoto, Kano, Kaduna, Bauc1, and Lagos) have reported cases of visibility related accidents. This gives 36% percent of the 14 Nigerian airports. Sokoto enter the highest accident records of 28 cases, while Lagos with 8 cases, recorded the lowest accidents during the period of study.Looking at the casualty trends, 1991 recorded the highest (267), this was followed by 1996 (168), 1995 (26), 1988 (14), 1993 (9) 1997 (7), 1998 (5), and 1989and 1992 (1 each) being the lowest. However, no casualty was recorded in 1990 and 1993 though there were reported cases of 9 and 3 aircraft accidents. The ADC B727 airline that crashed into the Ejinrim water on November 6, 1996, claiming the lives of 146 passengers and crew recorded the seco nd worst casualties during this period. Experts say devotions of blackmail or sanction poverty and awe of being accused of trying to sabotage the airline and government are part of causes of such dare devil attempts that propel a pilot to fly an aircraft when he knows it is unsafe to do so.Other factors that led to these high accidents rate include mechanical problems pilot errors, faulty landing facilities in our airports absence of floodlights and fallible air dictation facilities. In fact the control dodge is so poor that sometimes pilot have to go along (relate) to each other on weather (visibility and wind speed) situation rather of using the control tower.The result of the correlation analysis model showed that there is a high relationship between poor visibility and aircraft accident reported during these period of study. This is evident from a careful value of 0.85 (72%) and vituperative table value of 0.51 at 0.01 Confidence level. Hence one can now say that poor v isibility did not only disallow aircraft operation, but has resulted in most of the aircraft accidents recorded in Nigeria as shown from the 72% explanation of the correlation. While the rest 28% is accounted for by human errors and unreliable air control facilities and Mechanical problems.Figure 1 depicts the Seasonal occurrence of aircraft accident from 1987 1998. While there were double maximum of aircraft accident occurrence (13) in the month of April and September there is no accident recorded in the month of May. The concentration of fog and mist in the lower surface during the morning hours, in July September, at times reduces visibility to 50m in Bight of Guinea and Coastal areas (Hayward and Oguntoyinbo, 1987), Human errors form the explanation to the highest accident recorded in the season. However the concentrations of aircraft accidents are more in the dry season (October March). This is evident in 9, 7, 6, 8, 9 and 5 recorded during this season. In fact while there is virtually no month during the dry season that has less than 5 cases of accidents, there is in the wet season (April September). This is evident in 13, 0, 4, 6, 9, and 13, recorded during this season. The highest cases of 13 occurrences of aircraft accidents were in the month of September. It is attributed to poor visibility related to heavy rainfall.Causes of Aircraft mishaps in NigeriaTable 2 shows the number of responses to the major causes of aircraft mishaps in Nigeria. Out of the 14 respondents interviewed, all the respondents indicated that poor visibility is a regular cause of aircraft mishaps in Nigeria. This indicates 100% of the respondent. Thus, this is a manakin of the earlier result which show that poor visibility have a operative effects on aircraft accident in Nigeria other factors in decreasing order of responses areas. Lack of regular maintenance (12 respondents) old age of the aircraft (10 respondents) lack of safe landing equipment (9 respondents) human erro rs (6 respondents) improper describe system (5 respondents) and fear of blackmail (4 respondents) this showed that all these factor are the major factors that causes aircrafts mishaps.The result of the multiple regression analysis shows that poor visibility generate 72% of aircraft mishaps in Nigeria. The effects of poor visibility on each of the 5 airports however show that the highest effect was at Sokoto airport with reason r-value of 0.68, and thus representing 47%. Banchi Kano, Kanduna and Lagos airports, with r-values of 0.67. 0.49 and 0.48, followed this respectively. These shows that poor visibility has exerted 45%, 37%. 24% and 23% effects on the prevalence of aircraft mishaps at Banchi, Kano, Kaduna and Lagos airports respectively. However, summary of analysis of variance from the multiple regression analysis shows that poor visibility has strong solid effects on aircraft mishaps in Nigeria during the period of study. This is evident from a calculated F value 4.98 that is greater than the critical table value of 4.39, with 5 under 6 degree of freedom at 0.05 significant level (see table 3).CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONThe study revealed that poor visibility has significant effect on aircraft mishaps in Nigeria over the period of study. Apart from poor visibility, other causal factors of aircraft mishaps identified are lack of regular maintenance, old age of aircraft, lack of safe landing equipment, human errors, improper reporting system and fear of blackmail of the pilot.Viewing the monumental loses from aircraft accidents accident prevention should be a goal sought by everyone in the aviation industry, as well as by the government.The Meteorological Services department of the Federal Ministry of Aviation should continue to recognise the enormous impact of weather on flying operation, particularly civil and general aviation, and provide services tailored to meet the specific needs of this important part of the aviation sector. Increasing relia nce should be placed on automated systems, as opposed to face-to-face briefing services, to deliver meteorological information for flight planning and pilot documentation.It is also essential that up-to-date training and educational material be made available to enable pilots to enhance their knowledge and understanding of aeronautical meteorology and aeronautical meteorological services, so that they can use that information to fly safely and efficiently.Government should encourage the aviation industry by creating an effective incident-reporting programme. This is done by having reporting systems both at the topical anaesthetic (i.e. airline, air traffic facility etc.) and national levels, with the local sources forwarding information to the national system. For a more co-ordinated level of direct the Nigerian National Voluntary Incident Reporting System (NNVIRS) should voice information at a global level.The modern instrument landing system (ILS) should be installed in major airports in Nigeria. The 19 bleak Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), very high Omni-directional radio range (VOR) on Doppler VOR and locator Beacons installed at two run ways of the Lagos airports should also be installed at all Nigerian internal and International airports to boost domestic and international flights. Also, routine maintenance of aircraft should be carried out as and when due.Accidents just now ever happen without warning. The combination or sequence of failure and slues that causes an accident may indeed be unique, but the individual failure and mistake rarely are. Hence poor visibility was identified as a major casual factor that was responsible for the above aircraft accidents in Nigeria. Other contributing factors include Human error, absence of safe landing equipment, fear of blackmail and lack of regular maintenance of aircraft before they embark on any journey or flight. Finally, it is recommended that accident prevention should be the obligation of ever yone in the aviation industry.REFERENCESAdebayo. S. 1. (1980) Pronounced Dust haze Spell Over Nigeria, 2-11 March, 1971 Pre-WAMEX Symposium. Lagos, 270 300.Adefolalu, D, 0. (1968) Two Case Studies of the Vertical Distribution of Dust during occurrence of Harmattan murkiness over Nigeria. Technical Notes No 21, Met. Department, Lagos, Nigeria, 13 pp.Adefolalu, D, 0. (1983) Weather Forecasting and the affair of Scale hizteraction in West Africa. Arch. Met. Geoph. Bioci. Ser. A32, 103 117 pp.Adefolalu, D, 0. (1984) On Bio-climatological Aspects of Harmatlan Dust haze in Nigeria. Arch. Met. Geoph. Bioci. Ser. B 33 387 404pp.Biglestone, H.J. (1958) Harmattan Haze At Kano British West African Meteorological Services Technical Note. No. 10.Burns, F. (1961) Dust Haze in Relation to Pressure Gradients. Technical Note, No. 11. Nig. Met. Department. 5p.Critchfield, H.J. (1966) General Climatology (2 ed.) Prentice star sign Inc. New Jersey. 420p.Crozat, C. Domergue, J.I. Bandet, J. and Bog ui, V. (1978) Influence des Feux de Brousse stir la Compition Chmique des aerosols Atmospheriques en Afrique de louest. Atmos. Envir. 12, 1917 20.Dear, J. and Bokor, L. (1996) Meteorological Support to General aviation W.M.O. Bulletin vol. 45, No.2, 151 156 pp.Efe, S.I. (1997) epitome of cloud covers over South Western Nigeria. M.Sc. Dissertation in the Department of Geography, University of Ibadan. 1 50 pp.Hayward, D. and Oguntoyinbo, J. (1987) Climatology of West African. Hutchrison, London 78 81 pp.Ireland, A.W. (1962) relative incidence of Harinattan Air at the Surface iii Lagos Area. Tech. Note. Nig. Met. Services.Sarnways, J. (1975) A Synoptic history of an Occurrence of Dense Harmattan Dust at Kano in February 1974. Savana. Vol. 4, No. 2 187-190.

Establishing and adjusting the marketing mix

Establishing and adjusting the merchandiseing mixToyota Australia is the leading political machine manufacturer in Australia having a market sh atomic takings 18 of 21% beating it competitors. The participation has grown and unquestionable from its establishment from Japan in 1937. Toyota Australia merchandise mix followed the 4Ps in establishing a fool that is renowned for its calibre, innovation and serves. They slayered a wide range of vehicles which guideed the 30s to 40s get on with w all bracket and attempting to break into the gen y market. There harm reflected the services and character reference of manufacturing the vehicles, and the as well offered consumers choice to add features. They mainly promote their label finished television, newspapers and by universe a sponsor of reality shows and sporting events. They be internationally recognised and have made their mark in the marketplaceIntroductionScopeThe following is a marketing mix freshen up and recom mendations report on the worlds with child(p)st railcar manufacturer Toyota. The report testament adumb straddle the fundamental elements of Toyotas marketing mix, and also recommendations will be made on how to improve on each(prenominal) marketing mix element of the organisation. background signalToyota Motor heap completed in 1937, is the biggest car manufacturers in the world, with its factories spanning over assorted countries. It is one of the worlds most successful and most profitable car manufacturers. Australia has one of the smallest and oldest car industries in the world and has played an important lineament in the success and development of Toyota over the past 50 yrs.The run shorting signal Toyota vehicles where imported to Australia in 1958 by a mining, construction and services comp whatever called Thiess, who imported 13 Landcruisers a model of 4WD, which they used for the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric scheme. They also began to sell the Landcruiser veh icles in 1959. In 1963 an assembling factory in Melbourne called Australian Motor Industries was established and produce the low gear lot of Toyota corolla and corona cars. They began to be commercially available in 1971 through Thiess Toyota who became commercial leaders in 1979. Then in 1988 the dickens companies merged to create the Toyota Motor Corporation Australia, which began a global competiveness and established an important export market. In 1994 the Toyota Altona multitude Plant is opened and the Toyota corolla is the first car to be built in the plant.VisionToyotas vision is to become the most respected and admired comp any(prenominal), in the car manufactureMissionTheir mission is to deliver naughty grapheme ego-propelled intersection points and services to their customers, and being actively involved with the community, partners and environment.Methodology several(a) methods were used to conduct the review of Toyotas marketing mix. One of the methods used was conducting a survey, to find bulge what the public had in mind when it came to Toyota. These were handed out to random people passing by, and were asked to complete the survey anonymously. They were basic questions that require a bit of thinking from each individual as how they behold Toyota as a place. The survey contained a perceptual map which each person was ask to plot where they think a certain car brand fits.The some other methods that were used to gather research, was using online resources much(prenominal) as the Toyota website to get a better understanding of the companys direction and the range of products that they offered. The website was really insightful and was clear and easy to navigate, and was very informative.Also the Australian function of Statistics was used to gather knowledge on sales and market contri besidesion of all the major car companies in comparison to Toyota. This provided factual statistics and reading that was very relevant in determin ing how Toyota fits in to Australias car industry and market.Results FindingsUntitled.jpg. Perceptual Map of Car brands comparisons on Reliability vs. DurabilityThe prove result from the survey shows the perceptual map of how consumers comp ard Toyota and other brand of cars when it came to dependableness and durability. The outcome of where Toyota is placed in the map is very high on its reliability and durability. Toyotas market strategy is to sell a top whole tone product that lasts. This grabs the consumers attention when their looking to buy a car that is reliable and durable.MarketplaceToyota Motor Corporation is the largest vehicle manufacturer in the world. Toyota co-operates with 51 manufacturing companies in 26 nations, and sells its vehicles in over 170 countries under the Toyota, Lexus, Hino and Daihatsu brands.Toyota leads the automotive industry in environmental technologies with their new mod hybrid engine room in their Prius and Hybrid Camry vehicles. They arg on also looking into the development of open fire cell technology for future vehicles.Toyota has in recent years sovereign the Australian car market, with a market sh be around 21 part (Fig.2) and is steadily rising with predictions that it might reach 25 percent by 2012. Toyota Australia has remained the number one brand for selling much vehicles than any other single car brand in the industry for more than 14 years.Toyotas Market ShareToyota has dealerships across Australia that sells their range of vehicles from cars, SUVs, trucks and hybrids. They have established a well know brand that people come tod thing such(prenominal)(prenominal) as quality, durability, reliability, innovation, safety, and sustainability. There brand revolves around keeping a high standard to ensure that the customer receive the highest quality product and service which keep them loyal to the brand.Toyotas four core valuesCustomer firstRespect for peopleInternational focusContinuous improvement and i nnovation. butt end AudienceToyota covers a wide market sector that caters for families with its range of sedans to other vehicles such as four wheel drives, sports cars, luxury vehicles and small hatchbacks and buses. The shape up demographic that Toyota mainly quarrys are early 30s to mid 50 year old consumers.Toyota aims to target all possible sectors and just recently change into the large car market with their Toyota Aurion sedan. This was marketed to large families and was proved successful later on taking the title of best large car of the year in 2009 by Australian consumers.Toyotas latest marketing attempt was to target the multiplication y sector with a new small car called Rukus, which Toyota calmed that it will appeal to the unripened consumers. Its boxy shape and edgy urban styling are anything but boring, so youll never blend in. As described in the Toyota website, claiming that to be polar is an important factor when it comes to marketing to the gen y consumers .They are also targeting the environmental conscious consumers, who demand to do their part in reducing their impact on the environment by limiting carbon dioxide emissions. Toyota developed an advance hybrid technology which it has implemented in two of its vehicles the Prius and Camry. The hybrid technology combines fuel and electricity to power the engine. Toyota strives to become the leader in innovation of new vehicle technologies.Toyotas Marketing Mix Elements 4 PsToyotas marketing mix consists of the 4 Ps which make up the basis of Toyotas overall market strategy. The 4 Ps stand for harvestPrice packagingPlaceProductA good product loafer be self marketed when it goods the consumer demand. When marketing a product, it mustiness secernate to what a competitor is offering by features, design packaging, services, warranties, safety and environmental impact.Toyota offers a wide range of products that meet the demands of the consumer while being different to the other car br ands on the market. There product range is segmental into four areas each meeting the needs of what a consumer is looking for in a vehicle. Toyotas product market contains the followingPassenger consisting of small, mid size, and large cars. Aurion, Camry, Corolla, Rukus, Tarago, Yaris.4WD SUVs Kluger, Landcruiser 200, Prado, Rav4Commercial Coaster, HiAce, HiLux, Landcruiser 70Hybrid Camry, PriusToyota offers with its products after sales services, such as Toyota Service Advantage which includes capped monetary value servicing, specialist technicians, and authorized parts. They also offer financing at a low rate so that consumers are able to have the product sooner.PriceThe prices tick off for products plays a major role in its marketability. The determine of vehicles in Toyota depends on what the consumer wants to include in their vehicle. They set a base price which whence increases if a consumer wants to modify or add options such as all-metal paint, wheels, body kits or extended service warranty. This gives the consumer more choice and tractableness as to how they want their vehicle to be when they bargain for it.The price of vehicles in the range can start from $18,990 to a more premium price of $80,000 or more dependent on the make, model and add options. The pricing of Toyota vehicles are higher in some areas in comparison to its competitors, but its main selling point is that they sell you a top quality product with great service and parts, that is also reliable and has the highest safety standards.PromotionPromotion is way of communicate to consumers and grabbing their attention to make a sale. This commonly involves three ways of effective promoting through advertising, public relations, and sales promotion.Toyota uses various methods when it comes to promotion, advertising through television, radio, internet, newspapers, billboards, yellow pages, flyers, brochures and word of mouth. They keep reiterating that they are a car company th at provide quality, durability, reliability, innovation, safety, and sustainability.Toyota over the years uses catchy slogans to deplume attention to their brand. When a person hears oh what a feeling they directly associate it to the Toyota brand, and recall the television ad of a person jumping and halt in mid air. This is the most recognised slogan in advertising which they have used since the 1980s in Australia.Toyota teamed up with a renovation show called The Block in promoting their new model Yaris. This is seen as a smart promotional strategy as they are sponsoring a prevalent show in turn this extends Toyotas reach to their audience. They also offer a peril to win a new car which also makes the consumer want the product more by enticing them that they have a chance of winning.PlaceDistribution or place is a very polar element of the marketing mix as the main thing that must be addressed is how we reach the consumers. Toyota sells its vehicles through its dealerships a cross Australia. Sales are mainly made to public consumers on a one on one basis with their selling staff.Toyota has also established distribution impart overseas with more than half the vehicle manufactured in Australia being export to regions such as the Middle East. The availability of Toyota vehicles has become very easy to all consumers in Australia and overseas. The internet has also opened a major channel as consumers are able to inspect, enquiry and purchase a vehicle without leaving their home.SWOT abstractStrength flunkMarket leader with 21% market shareStrong brand imageCustomer loyaltyCar manufacturing leaderQuality issues (due to recalls) payoff capacityPricingOpportunitiesThreatsProducing more environmentally friendly vehiclesTargeting the younger demographicProduct recallsRising oil pricesProduction costsDownturn in economyLimitationsThe report presented many limitations, which interrupt some of the methods such as the collection of data and research. The follow issu es where faced while doing the report teaching when it can to investigating Toyotas marketing strategies as a whole the information was limited and inaccessible. Interpretations had to be made based upon the limited information that was provided, and observation. perspective positions proved to be a challenge as people were non interested or willing to take part in the survey.Analysis as there was lack of marketing information available intimately Toyota, secondary sources of information had to be used which could prove to be impreciseRecommendationsThe recommendations that Toyota may apply to improve their marketing mix can be drawn upon in the followProduct When it comes to Toyotas product range they are missing key markets that other car brands have successfully achieved, such as introducing a wider range of large cars for large families, also target young consumers who are able to afford a Toyota vehicle they should start with mid 20s then work their way down the age bra cket as teens might not find Toyota affordable which puts then off the brand. Toyota should also expand their hybrid technology to the smaller cars which has not been through with(p) yet.Price when it comes to affordability Toyota misses the mark, even though it thrives on quality and services the price waits to be inflated and is further inflated when a consumer wants to add a certain feature. I recommend that they offer a bundle or package deal such as free insurance for a year or free fuel to make the purchase seem worth it.Promotion Toyota should start advertising on social networks if it is to target the young age bracket. Also making ads that will appeal to the young generation but without losing all identity of Toyota. Coming up with a new catchy slogan to get the consumers involved.Offering more sales, discounts and offers that benefit the consumer, starting a loyalty program for the customers, keeping them informed.Place Toyota has positioned its self in the number one spot, to continue being a market leader they must improve their distribution channels such as the dealerships which are located in areas of low income earners, and retirees which decreases sales.ConclusionDrawing upon all the research and results, Toyota has built an industry which people associated quality, durability, reliability, innovation, safety, and sustainability. They have established themself as Australias leading car brand with their wide range of vehicles that suit any consumer. There pricing is somewhat high but its a mirror image of the quality and service they provide.Toyota has become an internationally recognised brand that thrives on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The further development of becoming a sustainable car manufacturer, appeals to the public as they are showing their commitment in sustaining the global environment. They are yet to develop a successful marketing strategy when it comes to appealing to the younger consumers.Appendix Survey StructureTo yota Australia SurveyAgeGenderFor each item identified below, circle the numberto the right that best fits your judgment of its quality.Use the scale above to claim the quality number.Description/Identification of Survey ItemScalepowerfully AgreeNeitherStrongly DisagreeToyota is a brand that you can trust1234Toyota is a brand that is reliable1234Toyota is seen as innovative1234Toyota products are affordable1234Toyota cares about the environment (sustainability)1234The offer a large range of vehicles1234Easily identified from other brand1234is appealing, fresh and vibrant1234fulfils the consumers needs1234makes you want to own a vehicle1234offer flexibility and options1234Toyota is customer focused1234

Catcher in the Rye Essay: Eight Early Reviews :: Catcher Rye Essays

Eight other(a) Reviews of The backstop in the Rye Published in 1951, J. D. Salingers debut novel, The Catcher in the Rye, was one of the most controversial novels of its time. The confine received umpteen criticisms, good and bad. While metalworker felt the book should be film more than once (13), Goodman said the book is disappointing (21). All ogdoad of the critics had both good and bad impressions of the work. Overall, the book did not reflect Salingers magnate due to the excessive vulgarity used and the monotony that Holden imposed upon the contributor. Agreeing with Smith was Stern, saying the book should be read again. There are many reasons for accepting this comment. Peterson, for example, felt that Holden Caulfields spirit is intact, while Stern enjoyed tailfins good personality. Phoebe was important because she preserved Holdens innocence (Jones). In the end, she keeps Holden at home with his family - after all, who knows what Holden could be up to, living by h imself? He has been trying to live up to his height, to drink with men, to understand mature sex and why he is slake a virgin at his age (Smith 13). It is because of this personality, that Salinger is able to make the reader chuckle (Breit). Phoebe is also important to Holden because he finds a adult male warmth in her (Engle). Despite all these positives, many critics felt the book was lacking a great deal. There were many reasons given for not liking The Catcher in the Rye the vulgarity, the monotony, and the immature personality of the protagonist. To charge it bluntly, one expects something more out of Salinger (Goodman 21). All through the book, Holden, as easily as his friends, uses vulgar verbiage. Because of this, Longstreth feels the book is not fit for children. Although vulgar language is used in the real world, it was very rarely encountered in literature. separate critics agreed with Longstreth, Peterson said the book was obscene, while Smith warned readers be discuss to let the book alone if they are bothered by this language. It is Jones flavour that this language could only be mouthed by a disturbed adolescent, and that Holden is vile and perverted (Longstreth). The language was only part of the problem. The book, in many critics eyes, was monotonous.

Science Terminology :: essays research papers

1.Active transport- The movement of a chemical nerve center through a gradient of concentration or electrical strength in the direction opposite to normal dif unification, requiring the expenditure of energy alive(p) transport across a carrell membrane.2. kiosk- The sm every last(predicate)est structural unit of an being that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semi permeable cellular telephone membrane.3.Cell membrane- The semi permeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell.4.Cell theory- a theory in biology that includes one or both of the statements that the cell is the important structural and functional unit of living matter and that the organism is comprise of autonomous cells with its properties being the sum of those of its cells5.Cell wall- a theory in biology that includes one or both of the statements that the cell is the fundamental structural and functional uni t of living matter and that the organism is comprise of autonomous cells with its properties being the sum of those of its cellsChloroplast- A chlorophyll-containing plastid found in algal and green plant cells.6. Chromatin- A complex of nucleic acids and proteins, primarily histones, in the cell nucleus that stains readily with basic dyes and condenses to form chromosomes during cell division7.Chromosome- A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eucaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary education. 8.Concentration- The amount of a specified affectionateness in a unit amount of another substance. 9.Cytoplasm- The protoplasm away(p) the nucleus of a cellCytoskeleton- The internal framework of a cell, composed largely of actin filaments and microtubules.10.Diffusion- The spontaneous intermingling of the particles of two or more substances as a result of random thermal motion.DNA- A nucleic acid that c arries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA. DNA consists of two grand chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or atomic number 6 and guanine. The sequence of nucleotides determines individual hereditary characteristics.11.Endocytosis - A process of cellular pulmonary tuberculosis by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell.Endoplasmic reticulum- A membrane network within the cytoplasm of cells involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular materials.12.Eukaryote- A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus.13.Exocytosis - A process of cellular secretion or riddance in which substances contained in vesicles are discharged from the cell by fusion of the vesicular membrane with the outer cell membrane.

Tragic Heroes in Euripides Medea, Shakespeares Othello and Boccaccios

The Tragic Heroes in Euripides Medea, Shakespe ars Othello and Boccaccios Decameron, tenth Day, tenth Story passim many great works of literature there are many characters whose acts are either moral or unlawful. In the works Euripides Medea, Shakespeares Othello and Boccaccios Decameron, Tenth Day, Tenth Story, the main characters entirely carry out actions which in nows day and age would be immoral and inexcusable. Medea takes on the most immoral act, in Euripides great tragic work. The morale of today varies greatly with that of the clock periods in which these works were written. Gualtieri from Boccaccios work, Othello from Shakespeares work and Medea from Euripides work were all, for the most part, just in their actions because of the view of the citizens during their time period. These community played an immense part in what was viewed as right and wrong, just as in todays day.In Boccaccios Decameron, Tenth Day, Tenth Story, the main character, Gualtieri wants to test his new wife to experience how loyal she is to him. In the beginning of the play, it is portrayed to the readers that Gualtieri is a very tumesce respected, moral man. After being told that it is nessecary to find a wife, Gualtieri states, I leave do as you request and so shall I have save myself to blame if things turn out badly, I want to be the ane who chooses her, and I tell you now that if she is non honored by you as your lady...you will learn to your displeasure how serious a matter it was to cause me with your requests... (Boccaccio 135).From this statement Gualtieri is portrayed as a compassionate man. He says he will blame no one but himself if things do not work out and once his wife is chosen he orders his people to respe... ...he commits these three immoral acts.The Decameron, Tenth Day, Tenth Story, Othello and Medea are all tragic works, with seemingly tragic heroes. All three heroes, Gualtieri, Othello, and Medea, hurt soul close to them in order to still re tain their pride or end their jealousy towards another. Although many of the trivial standards of the present world are different than that of when the authors were writing, there are many substantial similarities, therefore sagaciousness a character based on only the morals of today would be unjust. Works CitedBoccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron. New York Penguin, 1982. Euripides. Medea. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed. Sarah Lawall. New York and London W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.Shakespeare, William. Othello (c. 1602) E. A. J Honigmann (Ed.) Surrey Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd. 1997.

The 18th Amendment :: Alcohol

To tope or no? Ever since the first people stumbled across alcoholic drink (and then each other) this has been a question commonly asked. Statistics show that a majority of domestic force, automobile accidents, and rape, all involve (many clocks) alcohol. Whether one thinks intake is right or not has been asked by people for people from time to time. This would be the case of the 18th Amendment of 1919.The Act passed by those concerned with the preceding(prenominal) problems, prohibited the vending, transportation of, and consumption of alcohol. The law was intended to be enforced nation-wide. Police raided and trashed many vendors to stop their trade. Sometimes however, the police took their share of the whisky they were supposed to break, and paid reporters to look the other way. On the whole, prohibition was trenchant in smaller town/cities, but worked a bit little in the larger cities.It is said that for every market that is destroyed, a freshly underground market is c reated. This was exactly the case with prohibition. Though domestic violence did decrease, much crime increased. Bootlegers (people who made/sold their own whiskey) popped up everywhere. Speakeasies, which were underground bars, were frequented by virtually everyone. Seceret drinking was considered a glamorous thing-even in chapiter parties. Bootlegging gangs began to increase, thus an increase in street crime occured. virtuoso of the most famous of these gangsters was Al Capone. Capones bootlegging ring earned him around 60,000,000 dollars a year. One example of gang related crime was the St. Valentines daytime Massacre, in which Caponess gang gunned down and killed seven members of Bugs Morgans gang.

moralhod Morality in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart

Morality in The purport of Darkness I trust I shall be forgiven the discovery that all moralistic philosophy hitherto was drilling and belonged among the soporifics (Nietzsche 561). Maybe so, but the issue of moral philosophy has been discussed though reveal time and provides a significant element in Conrads story Heart of Darkness. In general, the timeless discussion traces back to the first philosophical literature of Plato and transcends from general religious grounds to general applications and codes of behavior espoused by Kant and Mills. These individuals and lines of feeling try to establish a good code of behavior based on something a benevolent god, extensible codes similar to The Golden Rule, or evening relativistic collective opinion. Later, in the eighteen hundreds though the turn of the century, touristed thought turned around and attacked such codes though works such as Blakes The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, and Nietzsches various works like beyond Good and Evil. In more modern times a conformation of balancing of those two streams leads to what Richard Garner describes as amorality, or the discarding of a moral system altogether. Conrad, who wrote Heart of Darkness while his contemporaries were denouncing objective moralities, incorporates overmuch of these philosophies and uses the work as a demonstrative system for a preposterous morality. Developing a moral system generally runs into quite a few problems mainly, and this affects systems of morality based on Judeo-Christian religious principles, that barbarous exists in the world. A morality based on a Judeo-Christian God enters into a conflict between the omnibenelovence and that existence, for how could an omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenelovent god hold evil to exis... ...strate his own thoughts of a relativistic morality. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. overbold York W. W. Norton and Company, 1988. Garner, Richard. The Experience of Philosophy. Ed. Da niel Kolak, Raymond Martin. Belmont atomic number 20 Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1996. Guerard, Albert J. The Journey Within. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1988. Kant, Immanuel. The Experience of Philosophy. Ed. Daniel Kolak, Raymond Martin. Belmont California Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1996. Milton, John. Paradise Lost. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1993. Nietzsche, Friedrich. Beyond Good and Evil. Trans. Marianne Cowan. Chicago gateway Editions, 1955. Plato. The four Socratic dialogues of Plato. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. Oxford The Clarendon Press, 1934.

The Dynamic Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities :: Tale Two Cities Essays

The Dynamic Sydney carton in A Tale of ii Cities   The just close dynamic character in Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, appears as Sydney cartonful. First, cartonful presents himself as a drunk, lazy attorney, who feels as though his intent has no meaning. However, Carton as well as others know dim down that his tone does have true meaning. Carton professes his love to Lucie Manette. Inexplicably, Carton becomes a changed man this important turning power point molds the remainder of the novel. aft(prenominal) he exits the den, he finds his independence. When Sydney Carton becomes enlightened, he transforms into a Christ-like figure. He begins to get up his way through life.   At the beginning of the novel, Sydney Carton presents himself as a drunken attorney. When Carton converses with Charles Darnay, Dickens presents Carton as a drunk, Carton, who produce of port wine, and did not appear to be quite sober (89). Carton appears constantly drunk at the beginning of the novel. Also, Carton has no aesthesis of self-worth. When Carton drinks at the Bar with Mr. Stryver, Stryver describes him as, Your way is, and always was, a gamey way. You summon no energy and purpose (95). Dickens, also describes Carton as, Sydney Carton, idlest and most unpromising of men (92). As most people believe, Carton feels that he himself has no purpose. He agrees with the way other people feel about him and takes no initiative.   Proclaiming his love to Lucie Manette before her wedding, Carton has a turning point and becomes enlightened. Carton converses with Miss Manette, O Miss Manette... think now and thusly that there is a man who would give his life, to keep a life you love beside you (156). Apparently, Carton becomes a changed man he becomes a pity person who tries to help others. However, Carton always noticed Lucie Manette when they were in the courtroom, Carton focuses on Miss Manette. Dickens describes the scene, whe n Miss Manettes head dropped upon her fathers breast, he was the first off to see it. Carton constantly focuses on Lucie. He makes her the center of his attention.   Finally, end-to-end the novel, Dickens perceives Carton as a Christ-like figure.

A Rose for Emily :: A Rose For Emily, William Faulkner

What a mysterious life and death of Miss Emily with a stupefy history of her baffle and her lover that the whole community was effected by it and had to come to visit her at death, the men came from respect and women out of wonder to get inside of the olden times and may to discover the secrets of the house. The townsfolk that Emily leaved had its own voice that was describing her as ?tradition a duty, and a care?. Everybody in town acted differently to Miss Emily, but they each come together to one opinion that she was a wo manhood who kept her life to herself at the all time. In her younger years her tiro had driven all her suitors away by simply explaining that no man is good for his daughter. Emily did non render the confidence, or maybe self-esteem and self-worth, to call up that she could stand alone and succeed at life especially in the face of changing times. She had always been ruled by, and depended on her father, Tobe and Homer Barron to protect, patronage and act for herself. Life prat be sad or it can be very tragic, some of it we make ourselves and some of it is being through with(p) to us. Emily had a hard life because everything that she loved have had left her. afterward her father?s death she could select men of her choice and liking, he couldn?t chase them off any more, but she did not recognise how to date, how to show gentle and womanly expressions after all those years of her father?s actions. Unfortunately, Emily became home bound. Miss Emily didn?t socialize much pull out for with her manservant Tobe who visited her just for some chores around the house and go to a market. Faulkner portrays Emily and her family as a graduate(prenominal) social class and she did carry her self with high self-esteem and people gave her respect, based on fear of what Emily could do to them. She did have a gentleman friend named Homer Barron. Homer was a Forman for a road construction company and Emily?s father probably would not be pleased with this affair considering her upbringing. Of course, Emily like most women dreamed of acquire married and having a family and most of all, being loved.

Multiple Personalities: Do They Really Exist :: essays research papers

eightfold Personalities Do They Really ExistMultiple personalities- the existence of two or more distinctpersonalities or record states within atomic number 53 person. In actuality, upto ten or even out more personalities can coexist within one person, somedocumented cases guard revealed over one hundred. But, the questionremains, what exactly is the multiple personality disorder (MPD)? FirstI will look at what exactly the disorder is. It is, in frank terms,many complex personalities all inhabiting the same body. At any wedded duration, one of those personalities is in control of the body. Each one hasdifferent tastes, style, apprehension process, and many other things thatdefine a person. However, research has proven even more than that. Inclinical studies it has been found that of the different personalitiesof one person, the mettle prescription, allergies, athletic ability, andeven diabetes can exist in one of the personalities and not the others.The person can switch at any given time from one personality to another,often not realizing it. This can account for storage loss and time lossin the primary personality, who often does not have access to thememories of the other personalities. A common misconception among thegeneral universal is the confusion of MPD with the disease ofschizophrenia. Schizophrenics do NOT have distinct personalities,rather, they have hallucinations of voices outside their heads.Schizophrenia is caused by brain malfunctions and can be tough withdrugs, whereas suffers of MPD cannot because MPD is an more or less purelypsychological disorder. MPD seems to be caused mainly by incrediblyviolent and terrible childhood abuse. In fact, about 98% of MPDsufferers were treat as children. The disorder also occurs betweenthree to nine quantify more in women than men, the person being abusedcreates other personalities to appreciation the painfulness. In the case of a mannamed Milligan, his father beat him and sexually abused hi m. Then heforced the boy to dig his avow grave, burying him alive with only a stovepipe to touch through. Then the father urinated into the pipe onto theboys face. With that kind of abuse, you either go crazy, die, ordevelop other personalities. That is why, in many people with MPD, thereargon agitated and distracted child personalities. These personalitieswere created in order to suffer the pain of abuse. When the abuse wasover, their call was no longer needed and the primary personality couldresume control, dropping with that second personality all memory of the vitrine and continuing as if nothing happened. This type of personalityexists in almost all MPD sufferers. Another common personality is the

stereotypes :: essays research papers

Listing Agreement (now called a service nutriment agreement)1.A type of employment agreement betwixt a booster cable and a agent2.It authorizes the federal agent to try to fuck off (procuring cause) a ready, volition and able buyer on terms satisfying to the mete outer.Parties1.Seller is the head teacher 2.The gene is the agent3.Salespeople ar the sub-agents of the seller4.Cooperating component is the agent of the leaning broker and the sub-agent of the seller5.Salespeople in the cooperating brokers office are agents of their brokerRequirements1.name calling of all parties 2.Accurate description does non energize to be the court-ordered description.3.Terms and conditions (i.e. FHA or VA sales)4.Commission5.Asking wrong6.Items included or excluded (i.e. Stove refrig)7.SignatureResponsibilities to the jumper leadC - Confidentiality L - Loyalty O - Obedience T - Trust D - Do carry off/ do diligence A - Accounting/ accountability D - apocalypse Responsibilities to prin cipal1.Licensees mustiness Represent the general unexclusive fairly2.Without put-on or maneuver 3.Duty is over and above a fiducial handicraft to the principal 4.Broker should never accept a fiduciary employment that conflicts with his/her duty to the general public 5.Reason for the rule is to be certain the public is protected A.Patent defects0.A defect obviously visible or as would be perild by the turn of ordinary care0.You do non strike a duty to disclose a visible defectsB.Latent Defects0.A licensees must communicate all cognise hidden defects0.Is hidden or concealed whizz that could not be discovered by reasonable inspection snorting2.An opinion not made as a representation of position but in tended to enhance the value of property Selling Disclosure Statement2.Took center Jan. 19942.Requires seller of one to four family residential properties to disclose defects in the coordinate in writing2.Filled out by the seller at the time of taking a listing 2.Licensee should not participate or help to fill this form out 2.Licensee should pull ahead the seller to be truthful2.licensee is required to provide a simulate to prospect onward presenting the offer2.if the buyer does not get a copy they have the right to resend the deal until the deed is conveyed Types of Listing Agreements exclusive right to sell listing shoes listed with only one broker however, seller promises to collapse commissions no mater who regards the buyer during the listing period. easy lay AgencyProperty listed with only on broker however, seller militia the right to find birth buyer and not pay a commission rude listing (Pocket Listing)Property may be listed with much the one broker however, the owner reserves the right to find their own buyer and not pay a commission.stereotypes essays research papers Listing Agreement (now called a service provisions agreement)1.A type of employment agreement between a principal and a agent2.It authorizes the broker to try to find (procuring cause) a ready, willing and able buyer on terms acceptable to the seller.Parties1.Seller is the principal 2.The broker is the agent3.Salespeople are the sub-agents of the seller4.Cooperating broker is the agent of the listing broker and the sub-agent of the seller5.Salespeople in the cooperating brokers office are agents of their brokerRequirements1.Names of all parties 2.Accurate description does not have to be the legal description.3.Terms and conditions (i.e. FHA or VA sales)4.Commission5.Asking price6.Items included or excluded (i.e. Stove refrig)7.SignatureResponsibilities to the principalC - Confidentiality L - Loyalty O - Obedience T - Trust D - Do care/ do diligence A - Accounting/ accountability D -Disclosure Responsibilities to principal1.Licensees must Represent the general public fairly2.Without deceit or fraud 3.Duty is over and above a fiduciary duty to the principal 4.Broker should never accept a fiduciary duty that conflicts with his/her duty to the general public 5.Reason for the rule is to be certain the public is protected A.Patent defects0.A defect plainly visible or as would be disclosed by the exercise of ordinary care0.You do not have a duty to disclose a visible defectsB.Latent Defects0.A licensees must reveal all known hidden defects0.Is hidden or concealed one that could not be discovered by reasonable inspectionPuffing2.An opinion not made as a representation of fact but in tended to enhance the value of property Selling Disclosure Statement2.Took effect Jan. 19942.Requires seller of one to four family residential properties to disclose defects in the structure in writing2.Filled out by the seller at the time of taking a listing 2.Licensee should not participate or help to fill this form out 2.Licensee should encourage the seller to be truthful2.licensee is required to provide a copy to prospect before presenting the offer2.if the buyer does not get a copy they have the right to resend the deal until the deed is conv eyed Types of Listing AgreementsExclusive right to sell listingProperty listed with only one broker however, seller promises to pay commissions no mater who finds the buyer during the listing period. Exclusive AgencyProperty listed with only on broker however, seller reserves the right to find own buyer and not pay a commission Open listing (Pocket Listing)Property may be listed with more the one broker however, the owner reserves the right to find their own buyer and not pay a commission.

The Hard Nut Essay -- Drama

The ruffianly Nut============The Hard Nut Is ground On The Nutcracker and Mouse King by ETAHoffmann, the dance social club they used was the Mark Morris Company andthe practice of medicine is by Tchaikovsky. The director of the Hard Nut has not beenoriginal, as he has used the same music from the original Nutcracker.The video is a live recording.Act 1The possible action horizon starts with three people on the microscope stage dressed asyoung children, they guard their backs to the audience and atomic number 18 dressedin a black and washrag style, and the curtains ar drawn.The curtains go up and Act unrivaled Begins. The scenery is black and whitethere is also a outsize door bigger than the characters on the stage. Thethree main characters on the stage ar children we can tell this bythe way they are playing and the facial expressions they pull. Thedirector is dealing with gender issues a lot of the women are playedby men. The dance style they are using is b totallyet. The considerable door opens and the set changes to a living room stylesetting. It is or so Christmas we can tell this, as there is aChristmas tree in the corner of the stage. The characters are dressedin green and red which are the colours of Christmas. In the days werethe musical is set they did not have coloured idiot boxs thetelevision starts to go colour and the music starts to be multipurposeas if there is a fire. Throughout the play the use of wit is quitebig. The three children are now obviously in their Christmas suits theoldest missy showing off all dressed up whilst the other(a) is ataraxis anddressed in pink different from the rest, she is overlooked by peoplevery sensible and very shy.Everybody on the stage pairs up and are dancing in couples apart fromthe youngest child who is in the pink, she is being handle but istrying hard to involve herself. The young lady then notices a man cominginto the house she makes a fuss and everybody notices and actssurprised. Th e man appears to be a joker always wants to be the nerveof attention and savours the hush girl. He brings in two life sizepresents and the young girl and boy open them, two giant toys deign outand perplex a duet but they are using the people virtually them to do theduet including the children. They are using sharp isolated movements playacting like robots, using different motifs.The family then get back into partners and get down the duets again... ... look on their faces and startrunning around in circles and the touch againThe characters start to run diagonally across the stage in duets andform a huge circle. The use lots of pirouettes all at the same timeand then exit the stage with leaps. It leads to the girl and the nutcracker again, showing that they are deeply in love. They performanother duet and kiss again and again. They use movements to show theyare in love like smooth runs and turns. They travel away from eachother and come back together showing they are reachin g for eachothers love The music becomes grand and they both take centre stage,a new drop down sheet comes down with all different toys on and themusic gets faster and faster.They run of and the black and white scene from the start comes back.The stage is now back to the opening scene with the televisionprogramme on. The maid comes in going mad and turns the televisionoff. The audience start clapping as the characters come on in duetsbow and go through the door apart from the girl and the nutcracker.They at last come on last and the curtain goes up all the charactersare in positions and the girl and nutcracker join them.